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　　广东省中山市2017-2018学年高二下学期期末统一考试英语试题
　　第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
　　A
　　Almost all American cities have nicknames. They help establish a city’s identity. They can also spread unity and pride among its citizens.
　　Two east coast cities--Philadelphia and Boston--were both important in the early history of the United States. Philadelphia is best known as The City of Brotherly Love.
　　In 1681, King Charles II of England gave William Penn a large amount of land to establish a colony. The king named the colony Pennsylvania in honor of Penn’s father. William Penn was a Quaker. He brought his beliefs about equality, religious freedom and brotherly love to this new land. Penn was also an expert in Latin and Greek. He established a city and named it Philadelphia, which is Greek for “brotherly love”. An ancient city called Philadelphia was also noted in Christianity’s holy book, the Bible.
　　Philadelphia became the social, political and geographical center of the American colonies. In the late 1700s, many events that took place in Philadelphia gave birth to the American Revolution and independence. For example, the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed in the city. Philadelphia was the temporary capital of the new nation from1790 to 1800.
　　Some of Philadelphia’s other nicknames are The Quaker City, The Cradle of Liberty and The Birthplace of America. Philadelphia is a long name, so many people Just call it Philly.
　　1. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
　　A. Philadelphia is originally a Latin word.
　　B. Philadelphia was given its name in memory of Penn’s father.
　　C. Philadelphia used to be the capital of America for about 100 years.
　　D. Penn’s beliefs as a Quaker affected the naming of Philadelphia
　　2. What is the Probable reason why Philadelphia was nicknamed as The Cradle of Liberty?
　　A. It was once the Capital of America.
　　B. Its people enjoyed greater liberty than any other cities in America.
　　C. Many significant events happening there contributed to the independence of America.
　　D. It was socially, politically as well as geographically significant in the American colonies.
　　3. What is most likely to be introduced in the next part of the text?
　　A. The development of Philadelphia
　　B. The nicknames of Boston
　　C. The reasons why Philadelphia got its nicknames.
　　D. The relationship between Philadelphia and Boston
　　B
　　Five-year-old Albert Einstein stared at a compass in his hand as if it held magic. His father explained it was magnetism that made the compass needle always point north. To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget.
　　But then Albert had always been different from other children. Born on March 14, 1879, in Germany, Albert hadn’t been looked like other babies. His mother, Pauline thought the back of his head looked strange. Other babies didn’t have such large, pointed skulls. Was something wrong with Albert? Finally the doctor told Pauline everything was fine.
　　When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich, where his sister, Maja, was born a year later. Looking down at the tiny sleeping bundle, Albert was puzzled. Where were the baby’s wheels? The disappointed two year old wanted to know. Albert had expected a baby sister to be something like a toy, and most of his toys had wheels.
　　Albert’s parents were amused by his confusion. But any response at all would have delighted them. At an age when many children have lots to say, Albert seemed strangely backward. Hermann and Pauline wondered why he was so late in talking. Was their son developing normally? As Albert grew older, he continued to have trouble putting his thoughts into words. Even when he was nine years old, he spoke slowly, if he decided to say anything at all. Pauline and Hermann didn’t know what to think.
　　But Albert was a good listener and a good thinker Sometimes when he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father’s compass and what it had revealed to him. The clear, open meadows were filled with more than the wind or the scent of flowers. They were also filled with magnetism. The very thought of it quickened Albert’s pulse.
　　4. Why did Albert think the compass was a miracle?
　　A. Because the compass was another toy for him.
　　B. Because the compass was another tool for him.
　　C. Because the compass always moved.
　　D. Because the compass always pointed to the north.
　　5. How old was Albert when his sister was born?
　　A. One year old B. Two years old
　　C. Four years old D. Five years old
　　6. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
　　A. He felt very puzzled because his baby sister had no wheels.
　　B. He felt very confused because his baby sister didn’t talk to him.
　　C. He felt very pleased because his baby sister looked like his toy.
　　D. He felt very satisfied because his baby sister liked him.
　　7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
　　A. A Miracle for Young Albert B. Einstein’s Childhood Stories
　　C. What Makes Einstein Different D. Einstein and His Family
　　C
　　The Year of 1510
　　Art
　　In 1510, art developed and the first widely distributed printed bootenberg’s Bible, had appeared in the 1450s. Explorers were expanding knowledge of the planet as they crossed the Atlantic, or pushed south along the African and South America continents.
　　Art historians name only Michaelangelo and Raphael as talented enough to rank with their peer, Leonardo da Vinci, most known for his paintings of the “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”. Centuries later, no one can name a man as intellectually diverse as da Vinci, whose interest included biology, botany, engineering, physics, astronomy, medicine and other fields a man equally at home in the arts and the scientists, known for his inventions and his artistic talent.
　　There is, however, a German painter, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg whose watercolors and woodcuts reveal remarkable talent. He is Albrecht Durer (1471-1528), whose works have stood the test of time, making him an icon of the Northern Renaissance, as are elder and younger Hans Holbeins.
　　Population
　　The world population in the year 1510 is believed to have been just over 450 million. It is now about 7 billion and expected to reach about 9.5 billion in 2050. Regions with the largest population still were in Southern and Eastern Asia. More than half of the worlds population lived there.
　　Cities
　　The top cities in 1510 begin with the largest, Beijing in China (672,000), and four of the top 10 are in China, where as only one, Paris (185,000) in eighth place,