专题01被动语态
　　【理论回顾】
　　一、主动语态和被动语态
　　1. 英语共有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。二者都是用来说明
　　与之间的逻辑关系。
　　2.  主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态说明主语是动作的。
　　二、被动语态形式
　　时态 主动语态结构 被动语态结构
　　一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+ done
　　一般过去时 did was/were+done
　　现在进行时 am/is/are+doing        am/is/are+
　　过去进行时 was/were+doing       was/were+
　　一般将来时 shall/will+be/do shall/will++done
　　过去将来时 would+be/do would+ +done
　　现在完成时 have/has+done have/has++done
　　过去完成时 had+done had++done
　　三、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
　　We visited that factory last summer.        主动语态
　　主语  谓语    宾语        状语
　　That factory was visited by us last summer.       被动语态
　　主语        谓语    宾语     状语
　　四、被动语态条件
　　1. 语义的需要：当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。如：
　　The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. (不知谁打破的)
　　They have been poorly paid.他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
　　2. 强调的需要：突出或强调动作的承受者。如：
　　These books are written especially for children. (强调的是“这些书”)
　　3. 交际的需要：为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：
　　You are requested to make a speech at next meeting.请您在下次会议上作个发言。
　　It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
　　五、主动语态变被动语态的注意事项
　　1.主动句中的主语为people,we，you,they等含糊表示“人们”、“大家”的单词，变主动句时，通常删除by，但原主语被强调者除外。
　　2.含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语。但多以间接宾语作主语。
　　【想一想】英语中在哪些情况下会用主动形式表被动含义？
　　【练一练】判断主动句与被动句
　　1. She is often heard to sing this popular song .
　　2.He has finished the work .
　　3.He often tells us interesting stories .
　　4.Many English words have been learned by her .
　　一、将以下主动句变为被动句
　　1. People play football in many countries.
　　___________________________________________________
　　2. They built this bridge last year.
　　___________________________________________________
　　3. She has invited you to a lunch party.
　　___________________________________________________
　　4. You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
　　___________________________________________________
　　5. They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
　　___________________________________________________
　　三、选择题
　　(   )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
　　A. Is; built          B. Was; built     C. Does; build    D. Did ; build
　　(   )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
　　A. has been happened  B. was happened  C. is happened    D. happened
　　(   )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
　　A. is grown          B. are grown      C. grows         D. grow
　　(   )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
　　A.is visited          B. will be visited   C. has been visited  D. was visited
　　(   )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
　　A. is given           B. has been given   C. will be given   D. gives
　　(   )6.How many trees ____ this year?
　　A. are planted        B. will plant        C. have been planted  D. Planted
　　(   )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
　　A. are doing          B. are being done   C. has been done  D. will be done
　　(   )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______?
　　--Last year.  A.did; use           B. was; used        C. is; used       D. are; used
　　(   )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
　　A. knows            B. knew           C. is known       D. was known
　　(   )10.Who _____ this book _____?
　　A. did; written        B. was; written by   C. did; written     D. was; written
　　四．用正确的时态和语态填空
　　1.It is known to all that the moon   __   （turn）round the earth .
　　2. Miss Li often    ___  （use）a recorder in her English class. But she     （not use）it tomorrow .
　　3. Vegetables , eggs and fruits     __ （sell）in this shop .
　　4. The pictures ________（take）by Jack tomorrow .
　　5. The song   ____   （lis all twenty years ago .
　　6. Nearly everybody here    _____ （know）when the old museum   ____   （build）.
　　7. The building can   _______   （see）from every part of the city ; It   __  （build）many years ago .
　　8. Yesterday Tom   ____  （tell）me that his bike___      （break）last week .
　　9. The students       often      （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs .
　　10. Now he      （be）asked if the meeting     （hold）next Friday .
　　【乐一乐】
　　被动语态顺口溜
　　一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变
　　完成时态have done，被动将been加中间
　　一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done
　　将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing
　　现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing
　　现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done
　　情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变
　　否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前
　　主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前
　　一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变
　　复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变
　　专题02定语从句
　　【看一看】【视频】http://sp..com/s4901577.html
　　【理论回顾】
　　一、定语和定语从句
　　1. 定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明_____________的品质与特征的。主要有______________，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的_____________都可以作定语。 汉语中常用“……的”表示。例如：
　　a  beautiful  girl     一个 美丽的 女孩
　　定语                  定语
　　2. 定语从句：由__________关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的 __________，相当于形容词，所以又称为 __________，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。例如：
　　There is a lady who wants to see you.
　　It was the largest map that I ever saw.