高考英语语法精讲精练专题复习(14份)

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高考英语语法精讲精练专题1_14(打包14套)
高考英语语法精讲精练专题一名词20170726243.doc
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高考英语语法精讲精练专题二代词20170726231.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题九定语从句20170726232.doc
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高考英语语法精讲精练专题三冠词20170726235.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题十二非谓语动词20170726237.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题十名词性从句20170726236.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题十三虚拟语气与情态动词20170726238.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题十四特殊句式20170726239.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题十一并列句与状语从句20170726240.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题四介词20170726241.doc
高考英语语法精讲精练专题五形容词和副词20170726242.doc
  语法专题八:动词的时态和语态
  动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态(tense)是一种动词形式,同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态,英语中有16种时态。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项:(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时;此外还列了被动语态,并将其作为单独一项。
  2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题(语法填空)考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived;第71题(短文改错)考查了think变为过去时thought;第75题(短文改错)考查了被动语态,删掉been;第79题(短文改错)考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。
  2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题(语法填空)考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed;第74题(短文改错)考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have;77题(短文改错)考查了将using变为被动used。
  2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed;第74题(短文改错)考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。
  各种时态构成表:(以do为例)
  一般时态 进行时态 完成时态    完成进行时态
  现    在 do/does is/am/are doing has/have done has/have been doing
  过    去 did was /were doing had done had been doing
  将    来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing
  过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing
  一、一
  般现在时:动词原形或第三人称单数
  1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
  (1)直接加“s”:work→works,take→takes
  (2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”:carry→carries
  (3)以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”:go→goes,dress→dresses,watch→watches,finish→finishes 
  2.功能:
  (1)表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如:
  ①I have a dream.
  ②She loves music.
  ③Mary's parents get up very early.
  (2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,every week,occasionally,frequently,seldom等时间副词连用。例如:
  ①I always take a walk after supper.
  ②She writes to me very often.
  ③She is an English teacher.
  (3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实。例如:
  ①The earth moves around the sun.
  ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
  ③Two and two mar.
  ④ No man but errs.
  (4)表示将来发生的动作:
  A.在由when,after, before,as,as soon as,although,because,if,even if,in case,till,until,unless,as long as,where,whatever,wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如:
  ① I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow.
  ② Even if it rains this afternoon, I'll meet you.
  ③Whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.
  ④ I'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.
  语法专题二:代词
  代词是英语中非常重要的一类词,也是高考必考考点。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项:①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。
  2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题(完形填空)考查的是代词whoever、whatever、whichever与whenever的辨析;第63题(语法填空)考查的是its的用法;第78题(短文改错)考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析,第80题(短文改错)考查的是your与our的辨析。
  2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题(完形填空)考查的是代词each,another,this与that的辨析;第68题(语法填空)考查的是its的用法(给出代词it,根据题意须将其变为its);第71题(短文改错)考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析;第79题(短文改错)考查的是our与his的辨析。
  2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
  I.代词种类:
  1 人称代词 主格 I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
  宾格 me, you,him, her,it, us,you,them
  2 物主代词 形容词性 my,your, his,her,its, our, their
  名词性 mine, yours, his,hers,its, ours, theirs
  3 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
  4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some
  5 疑问代词 who, whom, whose,which, what,whoever,whichever,whatever
  6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
  7 不定代词 one/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little
  other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
  II.人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表:
  我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们
  主格 I you he she it we you they
  宾格 me you him her it us you them
  形容性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
  名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
  反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
  III.不定代词用法注意点:
  1. one, some与any:
  1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
  One should learn to think of others.
  Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
  I have some questions to ask.
  2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
  Would you like some bananas?
  语法专题九:定语从句
  定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。
  2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了定语从句引导词that/which。
  2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词when。
  2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词which。
  基本概念:
  定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。
  先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
  关系词:引导定语从句的词,也叫引导词。分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose ,as)和关系副词(where,when,why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
  限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
  非限制性定语从句:对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句,通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开 。
  关系词及其意义:
  关系词 先行词 从句成分 例   句 备   注
  关
  系
  代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
  whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
  The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
  whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
  The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
  that 人或物 主语、宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.
  She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
  which 物 主语、宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
  The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
  as 人或物 主语、宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
  This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
  关
  系
  副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which替换
  where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which替换
  why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which替换
  关系代词和关系副词功能有三个:①用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可作状语。③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
  一、关系代词引导的定语从句
  1.who  指人,在定语从句中作主语。
  ①The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 
  ②Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.  
  ③ That is the teacher who teaches us physics.   
  2.whom  指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
  ①Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talt on the bus.
  ②Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 
  ③The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.
  ④The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。
  The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
  3.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语可省略。
  ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 
  ②The factory which makes computers is far away from here.
  ③He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.
  ④The house which is by the lake looks nice. 
  ⑤This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
  ⑥The film ( which ) they saw last night was not interesting at all.
  4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。
  在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。
  ①The number of people that / who come to visit this city every
  year reaches one million.  
  ②Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?
  ③The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.
  ④The season that / which comes after spring is summer.  
  ⑤Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 
  5.whose  通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
  ①I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.

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