北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案（26份打包，Word版，）
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 it Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 v-ing Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 被动语态 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 倒装句——究竟怎么倒？ Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 定语从句（二） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 定语从句（一） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 定语从句基本规则 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 动词的语态—被动也有理 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 非谓语动词—动词不定式 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 非谓语动词—过去分词 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 非谓语动词之动词-ing形式 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 高中英语时态牢固掌握（二） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 高中英语时态牢固掌握（一） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 构词法 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 过去分词 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 名词性从句（二） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 名词性从句（一） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 情态动词 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 省略 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 省略与it的用法 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 虚拟（上） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 虚拟（下） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 直接引语和间接引语 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 主谓一致 Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 状语从句的运用（二） Word版缺答案.doc
北京市第四中学高中英语语法学案 状语从句的运用（一） Word版缺答案.doc
　　语法精讲 
　　——it 用法
　　 作代词
　　1、代替指示代词this，that。
　　--- What’s this？--- It’s a pen.
　　--- Whose hat is that? --- It’s Mary’s
　　2、表示时间、日期、季节、天气、光线明暗、温度、距离、环境等。
　　1. What time is it? – It’s five o’clock.
　　2. It rains a lot in summer.
　　3. It was snowing when the accident happened.
　　4. It’s two hours’ drive to the beach from my home.
　　3、指代身份不明的人或物；指代有生命但不能或不必区分
　　性别的人或动物。
　　1. --- Who’s that?               
　　--- It’s me. Open the door, please.
　　2. There was a knock at the door. “Who is it?” Mrs. Smith asked.
　　3. She has a baby, and she loves it.
　　4. The robber tried to run away from the police, but it is impossible.
　　 作引导词
　　1、形式主语,代替由不定式,动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
　　1) 代替由不定式表示的真正主语
　　使用It is + adj. / n. +for/of sb. to do sth.，翻译句子：
　　在公共场所大声讲话是不礼貌的。
　　It is important (necessary, possible, impossible, easy, hard, difficult…) for sb. to do sth.
　　It is nice (cruel, de, wise, stupid, clever, foolish, polite…) of sb. to do sth.
　　2）可代替动名词表示的真正主语。
　　It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
　　It’s no good taking in much fat and sugar.
　　It’s no fun watching the same movie for a second time.
　　3）代替主语从句
　　It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.
　　It is a well-known fact that smoking can cause cancer.
　　It is well known to all that the earth is round.
　　 注意以下各种固定句型：
　　It seems (ed) / appears (ed) seemed that ...
　　It (so) happened that ... 
　　It turns (ed) out that... 
　　It occurred to sb. that ... 
　　It is said / reported / believed / hoped / well known / suggested ... that...
　　 作形式宾语
　　1）代替不定式作为形式宾语。
　　主语 + v. + it+ 宾补 + to do sth.
　　常用动词：
　　feel, think, consider, regard, suppose, find, believe, count, declare, guess, imagine, take…for granted等。
　　1. We consider it our duty to support good leaders.
　　2. I think it best to get along well with people around you.
　　3. The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster.
　　2）代替动名词或动名词短语成为句子的形式宾语。
　　1. I do not consider it worthwhile spending too much time on telephone conversation.
　　2. She found it troublesome having to go through all the pages of the thick book.
　　3）代替从句
　　1. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming?
　　2. Joan had often heard it said that Marley had no money.
　　 构成强调句
　　It is / was + 被强调部分（主语，宾语，状语）+
　　that (who / whom) + 句子的其余部分。
　　使用强调句式，根据提示完成下面的句子：
　　1.                   （在2003年）I graduated from the university.
　　2.                  （在天黑前）he realized it was too late to return 语法精讲  
　　——非谓语动词之v-ing
　　请根据提示将题目补充完整
　　I. V-ing的形式
　　主动                 被动
　　一般式      writing             being written
　　完成式      having written        having been written
　　否定式      not writing
　　II. 现在分词的使用
　　 定语
　　1. This is really an           （exhaust）day to all of us! 
　　2. More and more          （develope） countries established
　　partnership with developed countries. 
　　3. The man           （sit）by the window is our teacher.
　　4. The plans            （be）discussed by many managers
　　now will be carried out next month.
　　 表语
　　1. The film is           .(move)
　　 宾补：
　　用于: see, hear, watch, let, get, have, keep, find等动词。
　　1. I saw him        (come) last night.
　　2. I heard him        (sing)a song in the classroom.
　　3. We have the fire          (burn) all day.
　　4. The baby watched his dad        (shave) his face .
　　 with 短语
　　1. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 
　　2. The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.
　　3. We went into a large waiting room with a large fan
　　spinning overhead. 
　　 状语表时间、原因、方式和伴随
　　1. Loot of the window, I saw a woman          （walk）in the street.
　　2.          (be)a teacher, I must work hard.
　　3. She stood there,          (wait)for a bus.
　　 分词和连词一起的省略式
　　When, while, though, although, if, unless, as if, as
　　though, even if, even though
　　1. When          (check) the writing, I found there are many mistakes in it.
　　2. The baby cried, as if         ( know) the sad news already.
　　3. While          (stay )in Beijing, he came to see me twice.
　　4. Though         ( rain )heavily, it cleared up very soon.
　　 独立主格
　　It         (be )Sunday, we have no school.
　　The order         (give), we start the work.
　　Time        (permit), we’ll stay longer.
　　把下列句子用非谓语动词的方式表达出来
　　1.I was glad when I heard the news.
　　2. I saw a child who was wearing very thick glasses.
　　3. As I hadn't received an answer from him, I wrote again.
　　4. If weather permits, we are going to wortside.
　　III. 动名词的使用
　　 作主语
　　1.      （work） is good exercise.
　　2.       (fight) brot between the South and the North.
　　按照所给句式翻译句子：
　　① It's no good (no use, fun, a waste of time) doing…
　　在昏暗的灯光读书不好。                             
　　在这坐着干等是没有用的。                          
　　② There is no use/point/fun in doing sth.
　　在这坐着干等是没有用的。                          
　　但:There is no need/hope/possibility to do sth.
　　 作宾语
　　1. The doctor advised         (take) exercise.
　　2. I am sorry I missed        （see） you while in Beijing.
　　3. He insisted on        (go) there on his own.
　　4. I feel like resting for a while before        (start ) another project.
　　 特别注意带to的词组
　　1. She is addicted to        ( try) everything new.
　　语法精讲   -- 被动语态      北京四中   孙玲
　　被  动  语  态
　　I. 被动语态的概念
　　• 1. 英语中有两种语态：______语态和______语态。
　　• 2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的_____。
　　• 例如：Many people speak Chinese.
　　• 3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的_____。
　　• 例如：上句可变为________________________
　　II. 被动语态的各种时态
　　1. 一般现在时：
　　2. 一般过去时：
　　3. 一般将来时：
　　4. 现在进行时：
　　5. 过去进行时：
　　6. 现在完成时：
　　7. 现在完成进行时：
　　8. 过去完成时：
　　边讲边练：翻译句子
　　• 1.  全世界越来越多的人讲汉语。
　　• Chinese           by more and more people in the world.
　　• 2. 1949年中华人民共和国成立。
　　• People’s Republic of China         in 1949.
　　• 3.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
　　• The problem         tomorrow.
　　• 4. 纸张一直被认为是中国最重要的发明之一。
　　• Paper              as one of the most important inventions in China.
　　• 5.我的自行车正在修理。
　　• My bike          repaired.
　　• 6.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
　　• The book              when I got to the library.
　　• III. 主动变被动
　　• 1. 一般规律
　　• (1). All the people laughed at him.
　　• He            by all the people.
　　• (2). They make the bikes in the factory.
　　• The bikes           by them in the factory.
　　• (3). They sold out the tickets.
　　• The tickets                   
　　• 规则：
　　• （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的______。
　　• （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
　　• （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做_____，将主格改为_____。
　　2. 含有情态动词的被动语态
　　• 由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成
　　• We can repair this watch in two days. This watch _________ in two days.
　　• They should do it at once.   It _____________ at once.
　　• I have to finish it.     It _____________________.
　　3. 含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态(give, lend, pass, cooy, sing)
　　主动语态:主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他
　　被动语态:间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用)或:直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 介词(for / to) + 间接宾语 + 其他
　　My sister passed me salt during lunch.
　　→ I was passed salt during lunch (by my sister).
　　→ Salt _____________ me during lunch (by my sister).
　　4. 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
　　• 把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
　　• His teacher found him a very good pupil.
　　• → He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.
　　5. let, make, see, hear变被动
　　• 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要保留to
　　• Linda’s parents make her practice the piano every Sunday.
　　• → Linda ______________ practice the piano every Sunday.
　　6. “动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等短语变被动语态
　　• 切记介词或副词不能丢！
　　• She looks after her grandmother.
　　• → Her grandmother ____________ (by her).
　　• IV. 主动表被动
　　• 1). want, require, need, deserve 后接动名词的主动形式表被动。
　　• My watch needs repairing.
　　• 若用被动则用不定式My watch needs to be repaired.
　　• 2) be worth doing = be worthy to be done
　　• The movie is worth watching.
　　• 3). 表示物品特性等的词。
　　• carry, cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, sell, shut, tear, wash, wear, write
　　• 肉容易切。Meat cuts easily.   他的小说畅销。 His novel sells well. 
　　• 这车很容易开。 _________________________
　　• 你的笔写起来很滑。  _________________________
　　• 4). 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式  The box is heavy to carry.
　　• 5). 不定式作定语    I have a lot of homework to do.
　　V. 无被动
　　• 1）不及物动词 （除了一些加上介词如look after）