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湖北黄梅县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础编选（12份打包）及答案
湖北黄梅县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础编选及答案.doc
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　　湖北黄梅县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础编选（二）及答案
　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
　　(2014•绍兴统考)
　　When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
　　Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat. ”
　　Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
　　Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first ropeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America.
　　Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
　　Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”
　　【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆湖北黄梅县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础编选（三）及答案
　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
　　(原创)People around the world are remembering Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first black president. He died Thursday at the age of 95.
　　South African President Jacob Zuma said, “The nation has lost its greatest son, and our people have lost a father. ”
　　Mandela had been in poor health for several years. He was repeatedly treated in hospital, most recently for a lung infection. He became infected with tuberculosis(肺结核)many years ago while in prison.
　　Nelson Mandela was the main leader in efforts to end white minority rule in South Africa. He spent 27 years in prison for his part in fighting apartheid(种族隔离)—the nation’s policy of discrimination(歧视)against blacks.
　　Many world leaders, past and present, are remembering Nelson Mandela.
　　Frederick W. de Klerk was South Africa’s last apartheid leader. He freed Mandela from prison in 1990. Later, the two men won the Nobel Peace Prize. Mr. de Klerk said people will remember Mandela for the importance he placed on reconciliation(和解)—being able to reach a settlement between conflicting sides. He said their relationship was, in his words, “often stormy”, but he said they were“always able to come together at critical(关键的)moments. ”
　　In the United States, President Barack Obama called Mandela an influential, brave and profoundly good human being. Mr. Obama said Mandela will be remembered for leaving a free South Africa at peace. “I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela’s life. My very first political action—the first thing I ever did that involved an issue, or a policy, or politics—was a protest against apartheid. I would study his words and his writings. ”
　　In London, British Prime Minister David Cameron called Mandela a true global hero. In his words, a great light has gone out in the world.
　　【文章大意】本文主要介绍了南非前总统曼德拉的去世及世界各国主要领导人对曼德拉的缅怀。
　　1. Which is TRUE about Mandela?
　　A. He seldom received treatment in hospital.
　　B. He died in prison.
　　C. A lung infection caused Mandela’s death.
　　D. He died when he was still president.
　　【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段He was repeatedly treated in hospital, most recently for a lung infection. 一句可知曼德拉因肺部感染去世。故选C。
　　2. What does the underlined word“stormy”in Para. 6 mean?
　　湖北黄梅县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础编选（五）及答案
　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
　　English as a Foreign Language
　　Who taught you to speak English? Your parents, while you were a young child? Your teachers at school? Perhaps even the BBC as a grown-up. Whoever it was, somehow you have developed an understanding of what is rapidly becoming a truly global language.
　　There are now about 376 million people who speak English as their first language, and about the same number who have learnt it in addition to their mother tongue. There are said to be one billion people learning English now and about 80% of the information on the Internet is in English.
　　Is this a good thing, or a bad thing? Should we celebrate the fact that more and more of us can communicate, using a common language, across countries and cultures? Or should we worry about the dangers of“mono-culturalism”, a world in which we all speak the same language, eat the same food and listen to the same music?
　　Does it matter if an increasing number of people speak the same language? On the contrary, I would have thought-although I have never accepted the argument that if only we all understood each other better, there would be fewer wars. Ask the people of India(where many of them speak at least some English)and Pakistan(the same situation with India). . .
　　If we all speak English, will we then all start eating McDonald’s burgers? Surely not. If English becomes more dominant(占主导地位的), will it kill other languages? I doubt it. When I travel in Africa or Asia, I am always surprised by how many people can speak not only their own language but often one or more other related languages, as well as English and perhaps some French or German as well.
　　When we discussed this on Talking Point a couple of years ago, we received a wonderfully poetic email from a listener in Ireland. “The English language is a beautiful language. Maybe it’s like a rose, ”he said. “But who would ever want their garden just full of rose? ”
　　Well, I love roses, and I think they make a beautiful addition to any garden. But the way I see it, just by planting a few roses, you don’t necessarily need to pull out everything else. If more and more people want to plant English roses, that’s fine by me.
　　【文章大意】作者以独特的视角分析了英语的发展前景和人们的种种顾虑。越来越多的人会讲英语是好事吗? 战乱会因此而减少吗? 将来人们会只讲一种语言, 吃同样的食物, 听同样的音乐吗? 作者借用一位爱尔兰听众的邮件说: 英语好比玫瑰花, 它很漂亮, 但是我们不能因为它漂亮就把花园全种上玫瑰花, 也不能把其他花草都拔掉。
　　1. How many people learn English as their second language?
　　A. About 80%. B. About 376 million.
　　C. About one million. D. We don’t know.
　　【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第二段第一句话可知, 把英语当作第二语言的人的数量是about 376 million。故选B。
　　2. What does“garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?
　　A. Language. B. Family.
　　C. The world. D. The Earth.