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　　2018-2019学年下学期高二第一次月考
　　英   语 
　　注意事项：
　　1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
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　　4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
　　第Ⅰ卷
　　第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）(略)
　　第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
　　A
　　People have been acting like people—in other words，they’ve been making tools，creating ceremonies，and sharing food—for a long time. That’s the conclusion of a recent study from South Africa’s southern coast.
　　There，in a cave lying above the sea，researchers from Arizona State University have found evidence that humans were behaving in surprisingly complex ways as early as 164,000 years ago. Our species，Homo sapiens，appeared an estimated 200,000 years ago.
　　The cave held three important clues about the behavior of these Stone Age people.
　　First，the researchers found the remains of all kinds of shellfish. The people who lived in the cave probably collected these creatures from rocky shores and tide pools and brought them to the cave to eat.
　　The researchers propose the early Africans moved to the South African coast between 195,000 and 130,000 years ago. Around that time，the climate inland turned relatively cold and dry. Therefore，there were fewer plants and animals to eat away from the coast.
　　When these ancient people moved to the coast，they probably experienced a major cultural shift，the researchers suspect. That’s because observations of modern hunter-gatherer societies suggest that men are more likely to hunt for big animals when people live inland. On the coast，women play a more important role in providing food by gathering plants and shellfish.
　　As for the second clue，the researchers unearthed 57 pieces of reddish pigment(颜料)．The researchers think that the cave habitants used the paint for coloring their bodies or for other ceremonies. Symbolic behavior is a clearly human feature.
　　Finally，the search discovered over 1,800 stone tools，including well-crafted blades(刀片)．These blades came in various sizes. The smallest were just less than a half inch wide. Ancient people may have attached these blades to the end of a stick to make spears or other tools.
　　21．Why did the early Africans move to the South African coast according to the text?
　　A．To avoid cold and dry weather.
　　B．To look for enough food to eat.
　　C．To seeltural development.
　　D．To collect more shellfish to make tools.
　　22．What does the underlined word “unearthed” in Paragraph 7 mean?
　　A．Introduced.      B．Produced     C．Used.      D．Found.
　　23．According to the text，we can learn that the cave habitants        .
　　A．might make tools with kinds of blades
　　B．could hunt for fish in the sea by ship
　　C．made a living mainly by eating shellfish
　　D．knew how to use colors for painting houses
　　B
　　The International Day of Disabled Persons，an international observance declared by the United Nations since 1992，is observed on December 3，aiming to promote an understanding of disability issues and get support for the rights of people with disabilities. The day takes place annually and focuses on a different issue each year. In South Africa，December 3 also marks the beginning of the Disability Awareness Month.
　　Since the first celebration，people with disabilities have gained recognition of their rights by states across the globe and of their rightful place in society. But there is still much work ahead of us to turn those legal rights into a true revolution, in which diversity is fully accepted and lived.
　　The estimated one billion people living with disabilities worldwide face many obstructions of inclusion in many key aspects of society. As a result，people with disabilities can't enjoy the equal rights as normal people, which include employment, education as well as social and political participation. The right to participate in public life is essential to create stable democracies (民主国家)，active citizenship and reduce inequalities in society.
　　In many cases，people with disabilities must be able to fulfill their role in society. It is important to focus on the ability and not on the disability of an individual. It is important to note that disability is part of the human condition，and that all of us either are or will become disabled to one degree or another during the course of our lives.
　　By promoting empowerment (授权)，real opportunities for disabled people are created. This supports them in setting their own priorities. Empowerment involves investing in them—in jobs，health，nutrition，education, and social protection. When disabled people are empowered, they are better prepared to take advantage of opportunities，and they can more readily accept their civic responsibilities.
　　24. What is the International Day of Disabled Persons meant for?
　　A．To raise money for the disabled.
　　B．To stress the value of the disabled.
　　C．To make an international celebration.
　　D．To make able－bodied people care about the disabled.
　　25．What does the underlined word “obstructions” in Paragraph 3 mean?
　　A．Chances.  B．Barriers. C．Types.  D．Regrets.
　　26．What is the main problem for disabled people?
　　A．The number of them is too large.
　　B．Few of them seek legal rights.
　　C．They can't be fully accepted by society.
　　D．They think poorly of their role in society.
　　27．What is indicated in the last paragraph?
　　A．The author is worried about the disabled.
　　B．The disabled will have a brighter future.
　　C．What society has done is far from enough.
　　D．The disabled must fight hard for their rights.
　　C
　　When I first started taking photographs of the night sky, I never thought I’d end up doing it for a living. I’d always been interested in photography. I used to drive my family and friends crazy because I was always taking photographs of them. Then one day I saw a poster of the Earth taken from outer space. Posters like that were really popular in the 1970s.I had seen lots of them, but there was something different about this one. It attracted me and it ended up changing my life!
　　It hasn’t always been easy though. I remember trying to take a picture of the Hale Bopp Comet for a photography competition in 1997.I checked with the experts at the local weather station to mare they weren’t expecting clouds or strong winds. At 3:30 am I set the camera on a tripod(三脚架) in my garden, and then I began the countdown to 4:00 am, when the comet was scheduled to appear. I recall thinking, “If everything goes as planned, the photo will show the comet as a line of light moving across a bacnd of stars.” But suddenly everything was terribly wrong! At 3:59 a.m., just as I was making the final adjustments, out the bushes came a streak (条纹) of black heading straight for my feet, and before I knew it, the camera, the tripod and I were on the ground! The streak of black was my neighbour’s cat Tiddles out for his late-night exercise, and he had ruined the only chance I had for the next 2,000 years of taking photographs of the spectacular(壮观的)comet!
　　But missed photo opportunities aside, astrophotography is a great job, and it can also be an enjoyable hobby. Surprising enough, you don’t need any special equipment: just a 35 mm camera, a tripod and some slow-speed film. But you must remember to take care of your equipment.
　　28.In the text the author mainly describes 　　.
　　A. how he was trained to be a weather expert
　　B. how he took photographs for posters
　　C. how he took photographs of people
　　D. how he became an astrophotographer
　　29. What changed the author completely?
　　A. Taking family photographs for a living.
　　B. Tap astrophotography as a hobby.
　　C. An attractive poster of the Earth taken from outer space.
　　D.A popular photograph of the comet.
　　30. What can we learn from the text?
　　A. The author wanted to take a picture of the comet for a competition.
　　B. The author showed people how the comet moved across the sky.
　　C. The comet was expected to appear at 3:30 am.
　　D. The comet once appeared in the year of 2000.
　　31. What destroyed the author’s last opportunity to take the picture of the comet?
　　A. Unexpected clouds. B.A line of light.
　　C.A neighbour’s cat. D.Strong winds.
　　D
　　Large clouds of dust blowing off the Sahara desert can easily be seen from space.
　　Joseph Prospero is with the University of Miami in the United States. He has studied African dust for many years. “ Atmospheric dust African dust is one of the most prominent(显著的) atmospheric features, second only to clouds,” he said.
　　In the 1970s, Joseph Prospero found that a large amount of dust can blow all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. “It is obvious that there is a lot of dust. When it rains in Barbados or even here in Miami during the summer months, you actually get a layer of mud in the bottom of a bucket(桶).”
　　African dust storms can harm air quality across the ocean. But new research shows that the storms also can do some good. Scientists observed Saharan dust by satellite as it blew across the Atlantic.
　　Hongbin Yu is an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland. He found that an average of 28 million metric tons of dust fall in South America’s Amazon River basin each year.“ Yes, it is surprising because of the huge amount of dust and phosphorus(磷).”Phosphorus is a fertilizer that plants need to grow. Hongbin Yu found that the Amazon receives about 22 thousand metric tons of Saharan dust each year. He says the dust is an important provider of fertilizer. “The soil has limited phosphorus and it also can be washed out by rain and flooding.”
　　In fact, the phosphorus falling from the sky is about the same as the amount that rivers carry away each year. The thick rainforest and the desert dust are joined together on one small planet.
　　32.According to Joseph Prospero, atmospheric dust 　　.
　　A.is similar to clouds
　　B. can be easily noticed
　　C.is carried by rainwater
　　D.is actually called African dust
　　33. What can we learn about Saharan dust?
　　A. It pollutes the air in the Amazon badly.
　　B. It contains more phosphorus than the Amazon soil.
　　C. The amount of phosphorus in it isn’t enough for the Amazon.
　　D. About 28 million metric tons of it fall in the Amazon each year.
　　34.With the underlined sentence, the author tends to indicate that 　　.
　　A.it is a wonder that nature creates
　　B. the planet we live on is too small
　　C. desert and rainforest matter the same
　　D. desert