《Tales of the unexplained》学案2
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Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained
I、现在完成时态 (Present Perfect Tense)
II、现在完成进行时态 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
【考点分析】
动词的时态和语态是考题中出现频率最高的语法项目。一般情况下,动词的时态和语态经常是结合在一起进行考查的,也是每年的必考点。试题呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的趋势,试题创设的语境比较明确,注重在具体语境中考查时态和语态的用法,体现了对语法知识、语义理解及语言交际能力的综合考查。依照近几年高考题动词时态和语态考点分布的情况看,一般过去时态、过去完成时态、现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态等是考题命题的热点。
本单元主要讲解现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态的用法。
I、现在完成时态
【现在完成时态的构成】助动词have (has) +过去分词。当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,助动词用has,其余人称均用助动词have。
现在完成时态的基本用法
1、表示一个发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,这时可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用,如just(刚刚),already, yet, ever, recently, lately, never, so far等。
She has just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops in the city. 她刚在市里的一家商店买了一件漂亮的衣服。
We’ve done a lot of work on the project, but we haven’t completed it yet. 我们在工程方面花了不少功夫,但是到现在还没有完成。
--Are you going to further your studies after graduation? ——毕业后你打算进修吗?
--Well, I haven’t decided yet. I might make some other choices. ——嗯,我还没有决定。我可能会做其他选择。
So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species, and that is just a small number of what probably exists on Earth. 到现在为止,科学家已经命名了一千八百万种有生命的物种,而这仅仅是地球上可能存在的物种的很小一部分。
2、表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态(或许还将持续下去)。这时常和“since+时间点”、“for+时间段”以及how long, (ever) since, ever, before, so far, in the last /past few years(在过去的几年里), up to now, till now等时间状语连用。
The marathon has been an Olympic event since the modern game started in 1896. 自从1896年现代奥运会开始以来,马拉松一直都是奥运会的比赛项目。
In the past two years, the students in the mountainous areas have made great progress in English. 在过去的两年里,山区的学生在英语方面取得了很大的进步。
How long have you studied English? 你学习英语多久了?
【警示误区1】非延续动词可以有现在完成时态,但是一般不可以接段时间状语。如果要保留段时间状语,必须将非延续动词改为延续动词。非延续动词的否定式则可以和for等引起的表示段时间的状语连用。
常用的非延续动词(组)有:arrive, begin/start, breay, come, close, die, fall, hear, get up, join, jump, go, leave, lose, marry, open, reach, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, finish/end, receive/hear from, put on等。
比较下面一个句子在英语中不同的表达:汤姆已经参军5年了。
Tom has been in the army for 5 years./Tom has been a soldier for 5 years./Tom has served in the army for 5 years./Tom joined the army 5 years ago./It is 5 years since Tom joined the army. 但是不能用Tom has joined the army for 5 years.
To my disappointment, I haven’t received his e-mails for almost a month. 令我失望的是,我有一个月没有收到他的电子邮件了。
【警示误区2】have/has been (to)和have/has gone (to)的区别:have/has been (to)表示“已经去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,侧重某种经历,可以用于各种人称,可以与once, never, several/many times等连用;而have/has gone (to)表示“已经去了某地(已经到了那里或正在路途中),侧重说话时某人不在当地”,常用于第三人称,不能与once, never, several/many times等连用。
They have been to Nanjing several times. 他们去过南京几次。
Tom has gone to Nanjing. 汤姆已经去南京了。
3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在已经成为一种经历,常带有often, never, ever, once, twice, three times, before, since等时间状语。
I have never seen her as angry as that, so I iet. 我从来没有看到过她那样生气,所以我当时保持沉默。
The sky is clear blue and I don’t think I have ever seen anything else so beautiful in my life. 天空碧蓝如洗,我想我一生也没有见过如此美景。
4、在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻以前已经完成的动作,用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态。
I’ll show you our garden when the rain has stopped. 等雨停了之后,我领你去看看我们的花园。(强调“雨停下来”)
We won’t believe you unless we have seen it with our own eyes. 除非我们亲眼看到,否则我们是不会相信你。(强调“看完”)
I will go to the movie with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我做完工作就和你去看电影。(强调“做完”)
5、在This/It is the first/second…time + (that)….句型中,that从句中的谓语动词要用现在完成时态。在含有序数词以及形容词最高级的句型中谓语动词一般用现在完成时态。
This is the first time (that) I have seen such a grand palace. 这是我第一次见到过这么宏伟的宫殿。
The Flowers of War is the most moving film (that) I have ever seen.《金陵十三钗》是我看过的最感人的电影。
Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. 霍华德•卡特是世
人所知的最著名的探险家之一。
【警示误区】This was the best film that I had ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
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