约1500字。
　　Period 4 《Friendship Grammar》教案
　　1．Teaching objectives
　　Learn to use direct speech and indirect speech
　　2. Teaching important point
　　Summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
　　3. Teaching difficult point
　　Learn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed.
　　4. Teaching methods
　　Discussing, summarizing and practicing.
　　5. Teaching procedures
　　Step 1 Warming up
　　Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions
　　Step 2 Presentation
　　Boys act one cartoon figure and says something.
　　Teacher asks “What did he/she say?”
　　Girls act the other cartoon figure and answer the teacher’s question.
　　Then boys and girls exchange.
　　The shoes are too big for me.
　　What did he say?
　　He said the shoes were too big for him
　　Step 3 Grammar
　　The students will learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). First try to make clear to the students what direct and indirect speech is, with the help of the practice in Step III. Then give them some ex¬amples. At last get them to summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions).
　　T: In this part, we are to learn the use of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (statements and questions). When do we use Direct Speech and when do we use Indirect Speech?
　　T: Now let’s look at these sentences again. If we want to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, what should be changed?
　　Ss discuss by themselves.
　　Ss: sentence structures, tenses, pronouns, adverbials of time and place and verbs should be changed.
　　T: Quite right. Look at the form on the screen. These are the rules.
　　一、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
　　1.陈述句
　　用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that
　　He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”→He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
　　He said, “I’ll give you an examination next Monday. ”
　　→He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.
　　解题步骤: