《Looking good, feeling good》学案1
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约6390字。
牛津英语•Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good
I、非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive attributive clauses)
II、反意疑问句(Question tags)
I、非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive attributive clauses)
【概述】非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只对先行词起补充说明作用,即使缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号与先行词隔开。值得注意的是如果把非限制性定语从句放在句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
The other day Johnson went for Nanking, where he stayed for two years.几天前约翰逊去了南京,他曾在那里待过两年。
Tom’s father, who is over seventy, still works hard day and night. 汤姆的父亲已经70多岁了,但是他仍然从早到晚忙碌着。
一、 引导非限定性定语从句的关系词
(一)引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词如下表所示:
指代对象 指代人 指代物
主格 who which, as
宾格 whom which, as
所有格 of whom, whose which, of which, whose
(二)引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有:when(指时间), where(指地点)
【警示误区】关系代词that, what,关系副词why, how等不可用来引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时不能省略。
二、 非限制性定语从句使用的情形
1、关系代词指代整个主句的内容时。
John said he had completed his task, which I doubted very much. 约翰说他已经完成了任务,我对此深感怀疑。
As most people know, Nanking is famous for Fuzimiao. 正如大多数人所知,南京因夫子庙而出名。
2、在as引导的非限制性定语从句中,连接代词as在句子中作主语、宾语或表语等,可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活,即可以在句子前面,在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有:as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
【警示误区1】as通常只指整个句子的内容,不表示部分内容。
【警示误区2】as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”,表达
“好”的方面。
【警示误区3】as引导限制性定语从句时,常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物,也可以指整个句子。【参考模块一 Unit 1•语法】
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出,他是个老师。
As I explained on the phone, you request will be discussed at the meeting. 正如我在电话里解释的那样,你的要求将在会议上讨论。
3、which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容,也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等),在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时,常用which,只指物。
【警示误区】(1)which在句子中的位置:只能放在主句后,不能放在主句前。(2)多关注which和介词搭配引导定语从句的考查。
Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州,是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。
The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.
那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买,却是幅赝品。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴,
这是我们没有预料到的。
4、先行词指的是独一无二的事物或专有名词时。
The moon, which is 384,400 kilometers away from the earth, creates many beautiful stories. 月球,这个离地球384,400千米远的天体,给人们带来了很多美好的故事。
The Tian’anmen Square, which is the largest in the world, attracts large numbers of tourists from the world every day. 天安门广场,世界最大的广场,每天都吸引众多来自全世界的游客。
5、先行词指的是某个人唯一的某个亲属(father, mother, son, daughter, wife, husband等)时。
My father, who is an excellent violinist, is giving a concert next month in Beijing. 我父亲是一名出色的小提琴手,下个月准备在北京开一场音乐会。
6、当出现some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/none/…(数词)of which/…(数词)of whom等时。
He wrote a lot of novels, none of which was translated into a foreign language. 他写了很多小说,但是没有一部被翻译成外语。
Today young people under 25 map nearly half of the American population, many of whom will soon be in charge of the nation. 如今,25岁以下的年轻人几乎占据了美国人口的一半,他们中很多人不久就会掌管这个国家。
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