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　　2018高考英语（通用版）短文语法填空汇编（解析版共15页）
　　（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2017•淄博模拟)
　　According to data from population reports and statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in 2013  __1__ (live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks   __2__  the top five nations with the longest life expectancy (预期寿命)．
　　__3__ major contributor to Japan's high life expectancy and overall health is their diet, as determined by the country's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
　　According to a recent study  __4__  (publish) by the BMJ, Japanese people   __5__  kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15－year study had a mortality rate (死亡率) 15% lower than those who did not. Further, those who   __6__  keep were also   __7__  (little) likely to suffer from some diseases.
　　Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare   __8__  (break) the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of the food pyramid, called the “Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top\”. Though the Japanese diet gives special    __9__  (important) to high intakes of fish and soybean products instead of fats, it is  __10__ (general) a balance of grains, vegetables, fish and meat, and milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes snacks, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks, which can be consumed in control, rather than completely rejected.
　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首，饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因。本文主要分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对国民饮食的指导。
　　1．lived　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in 2013”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填lived。
　　2．on/among　考查介词。句意为：日本人2013年的平均寿命是83岁，位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首。on the top意为“在顶部”；此句也可理解为：位居预期寿命最长的五个国家当中，用among。故填on/among。
　　3．A　考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“contributor”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且major的读音以辅音音素开头。故填A。注意首字母大写。
　　4．published　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“study”与publish之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填published。
　　5．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为“Japanese people”，指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who/that。
　　6．did　考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“had”和“did not”可知，此处应用一般过去时，谓语动词表示强调应借助于助动词did。故填did。
　　7．less　考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“lower”可知，此处应用形容词little的比较级形式。故填less。
　　8．breaks　考查动词的时态。本句主语是“Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and