2017届高三英语二轮复习（通用版）（教师用书+课件+课时跟踪检测）第二板块题型三　阅读理解 （15份打包）
阅读理解主旨大意题专练（一）.doc
题型三  第1讲  细节理解题.ppt
题型三  第2讲  主旨大意题.ppt
题型三  第3讲  推理判断题.ppt
题型三  第4讲  词义猜测题.ppt
题型三　阅读理解.doc
阅读理解词义猜测题专练（二）.doc
阅读理解词义猜测题专练（一）.doc
阅读理解高考题型仿真练（二）.doc
阅读理解高考题型仿真练（一）.doc
阅读理解推理判断题专练（二）.doc
阅读理解推理判断题专练（一）.doc
阅读理解细节理解题专练(二）.doc
阅读理解细节理解题专练（一).doc
阅读理解主旨大意题专练（二）.doc
　　题型三　阅读理解
　　[全国卷3年考情分析]
　　2016 2015 2014
　　卷Ⅰ 卷Ⅱ 卷Ⅲ 卷Ⅰ 卷Ⅱ 卷Ⅰ 卷Ⅱ
　　语篇 A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
　　文 体 应用文 议论文 记叙文 说明文 应用文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 应用文 应用文 记叙文 议论文 记叙文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 应用文
　　难 度 一般 中等 一般 稍难 一般 一般 稍难 中等 一般 中等 中等 稍难 一般 一般 稍难 中等 一般 稍难 中等 一般 一般 中等 中等 稍难 一般 中等 稍难 一般
　　细节理解题 3 2 2 3 4 1 / 2 4 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 4
　　推断判断题 1 2 / / / 2 2 1 / 1 1 1 / 2 1 2 1 / / / 1 2 3 / / 1 1 /
　　主旨大意题 / / / 1 / / 1 / / / 1 1 / / / / / 1 / / / / / / 1 / / /
　　词义猜测题 / / 1 / / 1 1 / / 1 1 / / / 1 / 1 / / / / 1 / 1 1 / 1 /
　　高考英语阅读理解试题的题目大致可分为：(1)细节理解题；(2)词义猜测题；(3)主旨大意题；(4)推理判断题。其中，细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节做出正确的理解。此类试题相对简单，考生只需根据题干中的关键词回到原文找到相应的语句即可找到答案。细节理解题在整份试卷中约占三分之二。而其他三种题型相对较难，比如，词义猜测题要求考生对文章中出现的生词或短语结合上下文进行合理推测；主旨大意题要求考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨或段落大意；推理判断题则要求考生通过字面意义挖掘作者的写作思路和文章的深层含义，领会文章的弦外之音。本专题将分两讲分别对这两种类型的题目进行递进式地指导。
　　一、基础保分课
　　——全取细节理解类题目，求准求快保大分
　　第1讲 细节理解题　对应学生用书P42
　　细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干或题肢的关键词，在文中找到题目的信息区间，仔细比对，就能得出答案，因此对这类题目要做到读得快、答得准，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
　　[看原文与题目如何对应]　　 　　　　　　　　　　　[析选项有哪些特征]
　　(2016•全国卷Ⅰ阅读A节选)
　　Jane Addams (1860-1935)
　　Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
　　21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
　　A．Her social work.
　　B．Her teaching skills.
　　C．Her efforts to win a prize.
　　D．Her community bacnd. A.Her social work.
　　原文中“a social worker”和选项中“social work”意思相近，故A项正确，选项特征为同义替换。
　　B．Her teaching skills.
　　文中提到“promoting education”而并未提及“her teaching skills”，故B项错误，选项特征为无中生有。
　　C．Her efforts to win a prize.
　　她并非为了获奖而付出努力，故C项错误，选项特征为曲解文意。
　　D．Her community bacnd.
　　文中未提及“她的社区背景”，故D项错误，选项特征为无中生有。
　　阅读理解词义猜测题专练(一)
　　(题干加黑的为词义猜测题)
　　A
　　(2016•湖南省十三校高三联考) As a star computer scientist, Cristina Fonseca had lots of job offers, but she turned them all down. She decided to start her own business Talkdesk. She lives in Portugal but does business all over the globe by using software.
　　The global economy works well for such people.
　　But the world of work has been less kind to other young folks. Florence Moreau, a young architect in Paris, had the double misfortune to leave university in 2009, when the world economy was on its knees; and to be French. “I really need a full-time, permanent job，” she says. Under France's 3,800-page labour code, workers on permanent contracts   receive generous benefits and are extremely hard to get rid of. So French firms have all but stopped hiring permanent staff: Four-fifths of new employees are on short-term contracts. Ms Moreau has had eight jobs, none lasting for longer than 16 months. With a small child at home, she has to keep looking for the next one. “It's tiring，” she sighs.
　　Joblessness matters. The longer people are out of work, the more their skills and their self-confidence atrophy,_the less appealing they look to potential employers and the more likely they are to give up.
　　Trade unions often favour a minimum wage. This can help those who already have jobs, but if it is set too high it can crowd out those with the fewest skills and the least experience, who tend to be young.
　　A labour system where companies can hire and fire easily is urgently needed.
　　Making it easier for young people to start their own business is essential, too. They may be full of energy and open to new ideas.
　　Also, there is a huge mismatch everywhere between the skills that many young people can offer and the ones that employers need. Ms Fonseca says she cannot find the right talent for Talkdesk. As economies grow more complex, demand for practical skills will keep rising. The world's schools are not even close to meeting it.
　　1．What can we learn about Cristina Fonseca?
　　A．She does business only in Portugal.
　　B．When seeking a job, she was refused many times by employers.
　　C．Her company is not related to information technology.
　　D．She can't find the talents she wants.
　　2．What does the underlined word “atrophy” in Paragraph 4 mean?
　　A．Increase.　　　　　　B．Shrink.
　　C．Overcome.           D．Survive.
　　3．Why can't Moreau find a permanent job?
　　A．Employers don't want to give workers good welfare.
　　B．She didn't finish university studies.
　　C．The world economy is booming.
　　D．The French government hasn't taken any measures for unemployment.
　　4．Which measure is actually useless for unemployment?
　　A．Making labour rules more flexible.
　　B．Training students to gain skills.
　　C．Raising the minimum wage.
　　D．Encouraging young people to start companies.
　　B
　　(2016•河南省豫东、豫北十所名校阶段性测试五)
　　I  believe in taking action to solve problems around me. Passively accepting the status quo (现状) is something that doesn't even cross my mind.
　　My mother wrote poetry, books, and letters to the editor to try to change the world — some were published; others remained manuscripts that she worked and reworked with comments from authors she respected. She did not sit still.
　　When, at ninety-three, illness left her only a short time to live, she told me that she had submitted her recent book of poetry to a publisher but hadn't received a response from them. So I called the publisher, only to learn that the company had stopped operating for lack of money. As my mother's health was slipping quickly, there wasn't time to find a different publisher. After a few weeks of feeling helpless, I began to look for another solution.
　　Luckily, I found a printer, who was touched by my mother's story and quickly moved into action with me. We worked together to complete the boost a few days before I left to see my mother for the last time. I handed it to her gift-wrapped. Her pain medication made it hard for her to see and think clearly, and she struggled to read the title of the book I had given her. When she finally recognized her title, her face softened into a smile. “You remembered，”  she said and then passed away with no regret. And then I knew — she had expected all along that I wouldn't sit_on_my_hands when in trouble and take action actively.
　　Not finding a solution wasn't an option. And this has guided me through so much of my life. I live in the world of education and opportunity. This is a daily challenge. When faced with a problem, I can't simply shrug my shoulders and say, “I don't know.”  While I can't change the world alone, I can't accept the status quo, and I need to take action.
　　阅读理解词义猜测题专练(二)
　　(题干加黑的为词义猜测题)
　　A
　　(2016•石家庄市第二中学高三适应训练)
　　The jazz world has a new great musician — Joey Alexander, the 12 years old pianist.
　　He was born in Indonesia. At age 6, he learned to play jazz by ear. That means, he learned a piece of music just by listening to it, not by reading notes.
　　Joey's parents are not musicians. His father played a little piano and guitar, but not professionally. Watching his father play music influenced the young boy. So did his father's record collection. He learned jazz by listening to these records.
　　By the time Joey was 10, the Lincoln Center in New York City invited him to play jazz at Lincoln Center.
　　“Joey plays a version of Round Midnight, and everybody's jaws dropped, like looking at Joey and looking at each other ... and they're laughing, like ‘This can't possibly be what we're  hearing.’He took another take afterwards; it was a completely different arrangement. And again, everyone (laughs) ...you kind of shrug your shoulders, look at each other, scratch your head, and just go ‘Okay, all right, I've never seen this before.’”
　　Joey is home-schooled. And when he is not performing, he also likes playing with toys, playing sports and watching movies.
　　He earned two Grammy nominations this year, one for “Best Improvised Jazz Solo” and one for “Best Jazz Instrumental Album.” He is one of the youngest musicians ever to earn a Grammy nomination. And now, Joey, can follow his dream — playing jazz for people  to bring them joy and hope.
　　1．Which of the following statements about Joey Alexander is NOT true?
　　A．He began to practice jazz at the age of 6.
　　B．He is educated at home instead of at school.
　　C．He was greatly influenced by his father's record collection.
　　D．He is the youngest musician to earn two Grammy prizes.
　　2．What does the underlined word “take” in Paragraph 5 mean?
　　A．Attempt.　　　　　　　B．Performance.
　　C．Look.                 D．Appearance.
　　3．How did Joey probably play Round Midnight?
　　A．Loudly.       B．Passionately.
　　C．Traditionally.  D．Creatively.
　　4．Which one is the best title of the passage?
　　A．Joey Played “Round Midnight”
　　B．Joey Was Influenced by His Father
　　C．Indonesian Pianist, 12, Wows Jazz World
　　D．How Joey Follows His Dream
　　B
　　(2016•南昌市高三模拟测试) With New York City less than 100 miles north and Washington D．C, in the south, Philadelphia is often forgotten compared to its bigger neighbors. However, in many ways, visiting the US' fifth largest city can be a great experience.
　　Called the place where US democracy was born, on Nov. 6, Philadelphia got another important title: the first UNESCO World Heritage City in the US.
　　The city became a World Heritage City thanks to “the universal principles of freedom and democracy written down in the Declaration of Independence and the  US Constitution” both signed at Independence Hall, according to UNESCO. These documents “are greatly important to American history and have also had a big effect on lawmakers around the world”．
　　Despite its importance in history, Philadelphia is also known for a diverse and accepting culture. It's not called the “City of Brotherly Love” for nothing. Philadelphia is home to a huge number of ethnic neighborhoods and one of the largest gay communities in the US. In fact, one of the first gay rights protests in the country happened outside of Independence Hall.
　　Its collection of public art is another thing that makes Philadelphia stand out. Graffiti art is sometimes paid for as the city tries to make Philadelphia a “museum without walls”．As the US News website noted, “This is a great example of the city's well-known grassroots culture.”
　　In recent years, Philadelphia has also become one of the US'  most exciting food cities. Travelers won't miss it. They believe no trip would be complete without tasting its soft pretzel (椒盐脆饼)  and the famous cheesesteak sandwich. It is a large sandwich made with thin slices of steak and cheese.
　　Whether you're looking for “historic sites, culture, and art scene, or delicious food”， Philadelphia won't disappoint you, said travel guide Lonely Planet.
　　5．What made Philadelphia a World Heritage City?
　　A．The delicious food.
　　B．The historic sites and art scene.
　　C．The birthplace of US democracy.