兴宁一中高三英语期末考试题
　　第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，把正确答案填涂在标号为1-15的答题卡上。
　　A
　　Trip 1　Black Bear Count
　　There have been fires in this area in the last few years and the Office of the National Park is not sure how many black bears are still living. Some bears have been seen since the fires， and the Office has asked for young people to help count them．The entire trip will last three hours. Bookings necessary．
　　Cost： Free   When： May 8
　　Trip 2　Garland Valley
　　Bring your drinnch for this walk in a beautiful area of the Blue Mountains．Garland Valley is close to the town of Garland but is part of the National Park．Many wild animals live in this area，including many rare birds．This is a great walk for bird lovers．The trip lasts four hours. Bookings necessary．
　　Cost：﹩15　When： May 8， May 15
　　Trip 3　Flashlight Adventure
　　Put on your warm clothes，bring a flashlight and a pair of glasses，and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley．A guide will lead the tour．Many of the animals you will see on this trip can only be seen at night．The guide will tell you about the lives of the animals you see．Numbers are strictly limited on night trips，so be sure to book early．This walk lasts two and a half hours．
　　Cost：﹩12　When： May 8， May 15， May 22
　　Equipment to be needed：
　　•Please bring enough water and food for all walks．
　　•Wear good walking shoes﹣no high heels．
　　•Wear a hat for day walks．
　　•Dress warmly for night walks．
　　•Children must be with an adult．
　　•Mare your flashlight works well and bring extra batteries for night walks．
　　•Follow all instructions from guides during the walks． The mountains are a dangerous place．
　　Bookings：
　　Bookings for the above trips can be traded by telephone （893﹣4847）or on the Internet at www．Bluemountaintour．com
　　1,  Where are these trips？　   　
　　A．In a large city．                       B．In a park in the mountains．
　　C．In a special kind of zoo．              D．In three different countries．
　　2 ,  On which trip（s） had you better wear a hat？　   　
　　A．Trip 1     B．Trip 2      C．Trip 1 & 2        D．Trip 3
　　3,  On which trip might you see animals that sleep during the day？　   　
　　A．Black Bear Count．                   B．Garland Valley．
　　C．Flashlight Adventure．                D．None of the trips．
　　B
　　Animals can move from place to place，but plants cannot．When an animal is under attack，it can run away or fight back．Plants certainly cannot run away，and they lack teeth and claws．But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means．
　　Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away．For example，the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines（刺） that discourage grass﹣eating animals．Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach．
　　Some plants，such as the oak tree，have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat．Some grasses may contain a sandy material；eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth．
　　Many plants also have chemical defenses．Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction．Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals．When a caterpillar（毛虫）bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger．This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine．The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar．
　　Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses．A certain plant in China，for instance，has prickly（多刺的） leaves，and each prickle contains poisonous venom（毒液）．A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future．
　　4,  The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals　   　．
　　A．are not tall enough                   B．like the lower leaves only
　　C．are not clever enough                D．can get the lower leaves easily
　　5,  To defend themselves，oak trees use　   　．
　　A．chemical means                     B．physical means
　　C．bitter chemicals                     D．sandy materials
　　6,  How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar？　   　
　　A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means．
　　B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar．
　　C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked．
　　D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away．
　　7,  What would be the best title for this passage？　   　
　　A．Plants and Animals．
　　B．How Plants Defend Themselves．
　　C．Attacks and Defenses．
　　D．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves．
　　C
　　Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century．He changed scientific thinking in the modern world．He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived．What's more，he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress．
　　In 1933，while Einstein was visiting England and the United States，the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away，including his position and his citizenship．Einstein then settled down in the United States．In 1934，Einstein，who loved peace﹣afraid of a world in which only Hitler would have an atomic bomb （原子弹）﹣tried hard to persuade President Franklin D．Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium （铀） research．That Germany，after all，had no bomb，and that the first bomb would fall on Japan，could not have been expected．After the war，Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the