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共61题，约19350字。
　　2019年白银市英语学科基地英语打磨试卷一
　　第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
　　A
　　BEING an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating in zero gravity.
　　However, there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightless environment, and that's very sad. What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show –because it's impossible to cry in zero gravity.
　　Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space, reported The Atlantic in January. Without gravity, tears don't flow downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go—they just sticr eyes.
　　In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks. "Tears," he said, "don't fall off of your eye... They just kind of stay there."
　　Besides mar vision unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. The space environment dries out astronauts' eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort. "My right eye is painful like crazy." Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
　　Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait—"When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around," astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.
　　There are lots of small things—things like crying –that we are so used to on Earth. We usually take them for granted, until they become a problem in a totally different environment, like space. There, astronauts can't talk to each other directly. They also can't eat or drink in normal ways. They can't even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach. If they do burp, they just end up throwing up (呕吐) everything in their stomach, according to the UK National Space Center.
　　Thus, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say: "Gravity, you're the best."
　　1. What can we conclude from paragraphs 2 and 3?
　　A. Astronauts are unable to feel sad in space.
　　B. Astronauts produce fewer tears in space.
　　C. Tears produced in space flow down more slowly.
　　D. Tears produced in space don't flow downward.
　　2. What effect do tears have on astronauts?
　　A. They cause physical pain.     B. They bring comfort to them.
　　C. They make their vision clearer.   D. They float around and cause trouble.
　　3. What can the astronaut do to get rid of the tears?
　　A. Rub his eyes against his helmet to let the tears float forward.
　　B. Rub his eyes by hand to let the tears float around.
　　C. Get the tears big enough to fall off of his eyes.
　　D. Get the tears big enough to break away from his eyes.
　　4. When of the following can be the best title for the text?
　　A. In the s can't burp     B. Better life with gravity
　　C. In the s can't cry       D. No Gravity, no tears
　　B
　　What will man be like in the future —in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only maesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time.
　　Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively a short period of time, so we may suppose that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still mase of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and finally we shall need our brains more and more, and finally we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.
　　Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.
　　On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
　　But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
　　Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
　　5．The passage mainly tells us that __________.