《新概念英语》第二册语法精粹

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约5720字。

  《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹
  一、冠词The Article
  知识要点:
  冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)和定冠词(The definite Article)两种。a (an) 是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。
  一、不定冠词的用法
  1、指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
  2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.
  A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。
  3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:
  I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
  4、用于某些固定词组中。如:a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
  5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如:
  This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。
  It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。
  It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。
  二、定冠词的用法:
  1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如:
  Beijing is the capital of China.
  The pen on the desk is mine.
  2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:
  Where is the teacher?
  Open the window, please.
  3、指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如:
  There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
  The baby was thin.
  4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the earth, the moon, the sun.
  5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如:
  He is always the first to come to school.
  Bob is the tallest in his class.
  6、用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如:the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
  7、用在一些习惯用语中。如:on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
  8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
  9、用在报刊、杂志前。如:the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。
  10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如:
  The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
  11、用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
  12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如:
  The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
  三、零冠词(即不用冠词):
  1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如:China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
  2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如:
  Go down this street.
  3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:
  We are students.       I like reading stories.
  4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
  Today is New Year’s Day.     It is Sunday.      March 8 is Women’s Day.
  5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如:
  What’s the matter, Granny?    We elected him monitor.
  6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
  7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如:
  She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
  We are going to play football.
  We usually have lunch at school.
  8、科目前不加。如:
  We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
  【专项训练】:
  1、 We can’t live without  air.
  A.an   B.×   C.the   D.some
  2、——Have you seen   pen? I left it here this morning.
  ——Is it    black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
  A.a; the  B.the; the  C.the; a  D.a; a
  3、I’ve been waiting for him for  hour and  half.
  A.×; ×  B.the; a  C.a; the  D.an; a
  4、What  fine weather we have today!
  A.a   B.×   C.some  D.an
  5、Have you ever seen    as tall as this one?
  A.a tree  B.such tree  C.an tree  D.tree
  6、Children usually go to  school at  age of six.
  A.×; the  B.a; an  C.the; ×  D.the; the
  7、  Himalayas is  highest mountain in  world.
  A.×; the;×  B.The; the; the C.A; a; a  D.×;×;×
  8、They each have __booa’s is about writer. Wang Lin’s is on   science.
  A.a; a; ×  B.the; ×; the C.×; the; × D.a; the; a
  9、    Physics is   science of matter and energy.
  A.The; ×  B.×; ×  C.×; the  D.A; a
  10、   sun rises in  east and sets in   west.
  A.A; an; a  B.The;×;× C.The; the; the D.A; the; a
  11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must in  international trade today.
  A.a;×   B.the; an  C.the; the  D.×; the
  12、 __Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in  bad
  temper. A.×;a   B.A;×  C.The; the  D.A; a
  13、They were at  dinner then. It was  delicous one.
  A.a; the  B.×;×  C.×;a   D.a; a
  14、what kind of   car do you want to buy?
  A.×   B.the   C.a   D.an
  15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.
  A.×; the  B.×;×  C.the; ×  D.the; the
  16、Beyond   stars, the astronaut saw nothing but   space.
  A.the; ×  B.×; the  C.×;×  D.the; the
  17、Alexander Graham Bell invented    telephone in 1876.
  A.×   B.a   C.the   D.one
  18、——Where’s Jack?
  ——I think he’s still in  bed, but he might just be in  bathroom.
  A.×;×  B.the; the  C.the; ×  D.×; the
  19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in  public places.
  A.the; the  B.×;×  C.the; ×  D.×; the
  20、——I’d like   information about the management of your hotel, please.
  ——Well, you could have  word with the manager. He might be helpful.
  A.some; a  B.an; some  C.some; some D.an; a
  【答案】:
  1、B  air是不可数名词。
  2、D  此题为97年高考题。根据句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出现;第二空仍是泛指,且表数量“-”。
  3、D  元音前用an。
  4、B  weather是不可数名词。
  5、A  此题为85年高考题。泛指。
  6、A  go to school是固定短语。
  7、B  山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。
  8、A  第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可数名词。
  9、C  第一空,科目前不加冠词;第二空特指,有定语。
  10、C
  11、A  第一空,a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍;第二空,trade不可数。
  12、D  第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。(括号里说明,我们俩都不认识这个人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短语,情绪不好。
  13、C  第一空at dinner正在吃饭,固定短语。
  14、A  泛指
  15、C  此题是89年高考题:乐器前加定冠词;music是不可数名词。
  16、A  此题是90年高考题:stars前应加定冠词;space不可数。
  17、C  此题是91年高考题:发明应是特指。
  18、D  此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语,不加冠词。
  19、C  此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共场所,泛指。
  20、A  此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词;have a word with sb.是固定短语。
  二、名词Nouns
  知识要点:
  一、名词的种类:
  1、专有名词:
  1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词)
  2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。)
  2、普通名词

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