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约20420字，有听力。

　　山东省菏泽市2018届高三上学期期末考试
　　英语
　　第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
　　第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
　　1. Who is the woman?
　　A. The man’s wife. B. The man’s secretary. C. A shop assistant.
　　2. What is the man doing?
　　A. Taking classes.
　　B. Making a phone call.
　　C. Cleaning the room.
　　3. What does the man think the woman should do?
　　A. Ask the stewardess for some medicine.
　　B. Move to another part of the plane.
　　C. Tolerate his smoking.
　　4. What does the woman think of the new DVD player?
　　A. She has no idea yet.
　　B. It’s better than the old one.
　　C. It’s not as good as the computer.
　　5. What was the man doing when he saw the accident yesterday?
　　A. Queuing for the cinema.
　　B. Calling the policeman.
　　C. Seeing whether he could help.
　　第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
　　听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
　　第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
　　A
　　The advancement of human civilization is possible just because of enormous contribution made by scientists. They are one of the most influential people of today’s world. With practical advantages in engineering, medicine, and technology, they have helped us to grow better understanding about the world and different working phenomenon that governs us. Their names are remembered in the sands of time for their work in the welfare of mankind with different inventions that has made our modern lives easy. Here is a list of the four great scientists we’ve ever seen who changed the world.
　　Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
　　Pasteur contributed greatly towards the advancement of medical sciences developing cures for rabies, anthrax and other infectious diseases. He also invented the process of pasteurization（加热杀菌法）to make milk safer to drink. He probably saved more lives than any other person.
　　Otto Hahn (1879-1968)
　　Hahn was a German chemist who discovered nuclear fission（裂变）in 1939. He was a pioneering scientist in the field of radio-chemistry, and discovered radioactive elements in 1921. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944.
　　Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
　　Tesla worked on electro-magnetism and AC current. He obtained around 300 patents worldwide for his inventions from electricity to radio transmission, but many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection. He played a key role in the development of modern electricity.
　　James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
　　Maxwell made great progress in understanding electro-magnetism. His research in electricity and kinetics laid the foundation for quantum（量子）physics. Einstein said of Maxwell, “The work of James Clerk Maxwell changed the world forever.”
　　21. What contribution did Louis Pasteur make to society?
　　A. The development of medicine. B. Radio-chemistry.
　　C. Modern electricity. D. Quantum physics.
　　22. Who was thought highly of by Einstein?
　　A. Louis Pasteur. B. Otto Hahn.
　　C. Nikola Tesla. D .James Clerk Maxwell.
　　23. What can we infer about the four people?
　　A. They are medical pioneers.
　　B. They are Nobel Prize winners.
　　C. They are great contributors to society.
　　D. They are founders of modern physics.
　　B
　　Saja Pahad, a small village in Chhattisgarh, India, has been dealing with severe water shortages for as long as anyone can remember. With only two wells available, locals were barely able to secure enough water to feed their cattle, let alone irrigate their crops. Villagers didn’t know what to do and the government ignored their difficult situation, but one “crazy” teenager took matters into his own hands.
　　Shyam Lal was only 15 when he toopon himself to solve his village’s water problem. He identified a spot in a nearby forest and decided to dig a pond to collect rainfall that could then be used by the entire village. Lal shared his idea with the rest of Saja Pahad, but instead of volunteering to help, they just laughed at his crazy plan and called him a lunatic（疯子）. But the young man didn’t let the people’s reaction get him down. Instead, he grabbed a spade and started digging the pond himself. He kept on digging for the next 27 years.
　　Now 42, Shyam Lal is considered a hero and a savior by his community. That small hole he started digging nearly three decades ago is now a one-acre, 15-feet-deep pond filled with precious water that serves the entire village.
　　“No one helped me in my work, neither the government nor the villagers,” Lal told the Hindustan Times, “It was my dream to secure enough water for the whole village and their cattle.”
　　The story of Shyam Lal’s determination recently went viral in the whole of India, and prompted authorities in Mahendragarh district to finally acknowledge his achievement. A member of the government recently visited Saja Pahad and offered Lal a $156 prize for his contribution to the village.
　　24. What lacked in Saja Pahad when Shyam Lal was a teenager?
　　A. Crops. B. Cattle. C. Water. D. Residents.
　　25. Where is the pond Shyam Lal chose to dig?
　　A. Near his home. B. In his field.
　　C. Near a river. D. Near a forest.
　　26. How does Shyam Lal feel about his work?
　　A. Joyful. B. Envious. C. Ambitious. D. Helpless.
　　27. What made the government admit Shyam Lal’s achievement?
　　A. He has been living badly.
　　B. His influence was great.
　　C. The appeal of the villagers is high.
　　D. The government wishes people to follow the example of him.
　　C
　　83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend. As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations（种植园）and cattle grounds, he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.
　　“When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,” he told the reporters. “I thought: ‘Water is valuable, no one makes water and the population will not stop growing. What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.’”
　　With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers, Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life, and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle, surrounded by rats and foxes, and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now map a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.
　　As the forest grew, the water returned, and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there