2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第14周)(7份)

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2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第14周)(打包7套)(含解析)
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第14周as与which引导的定语从句含解析201710111119.doc
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第14周关系代词含解析201710111120.doc
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第14周关系副词含解析201710111121.doc
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第14周介词+关系代词含解析201710111122.doc
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第14周每周一测含解析201710111123.doc
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第14周限制性与非限制性定语从句含解析201710111124.doc
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题第14周周末培优含解析201710111125.doc
  as与which引导的定语从句
  高考频度:★★★★★ 难易程度:★★★★☆
  1.The number of smokers,________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
  A.it B.which C.what D.as
  【答案】D
  【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代的是整个主句的含义,故可排除A、C两项。as引导非限制性定语从句时,表示"如同,正如",符合题干意思,故选D项。
  2. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
  A. as B. where C. that D. which
  【答案】D
  as与which引导非限制性定语从句的比较
  一、相同点
  两者引导非限制性定语从句时,可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,位于主句之后有时可互换。
  The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了,这正是我们想要的。
  He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner. 他是一名医生,我是从他的举止中知道的。
  二、不同点
  1. as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。
  As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知,鱼离开水无法生存。
  Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知,空气是气体。
  2. 在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。
  She told me she won the match, which was a lie. 她告诉我们她赢得了比赛,这是一个谎言。
  The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的,正如图中所示。
  3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。
  He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他看见了那个女孩,这让他很高兴。
  He didn’t say anything at the meeting, as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上一言未发,这看起来非常奇怪。
  4. as常用"正如"含义,常用的结构有as we know(众所周知);as often happens(正如常发生的那样);as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如我们看到的);be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。
  As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
  Kate was late for school, as often happened. 凯特上学迟到了,正如常发生的那样。
  5. 在非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。
  My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球,他打得非常好。
  Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital. 北京,他出生的地方,是我们的首都。
  6. "介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。
  The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches. 那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店。
  Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent. 空气是一种气体的综合体,其中氧气占了21%。
  7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。
  He can write a letter in English, which I can not. 他可以用英语写信,我不能。
  Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属能承受得住用锤子敲打,但是石头则不能。
  8. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时,常用which。
  He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue. 他说他通过了考试,这是假的。
  关系代词
  高考频度:★★★★★ 难易程度:★★★★☆
  1. (2017•新课标卷III•短文改错)Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
  【参考答案】 they→that/which
  【答案解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句,因为指代things,所以把they改为that或者which。
  2.(2017•北京卷•单项填空)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
  A. that           B. as        C. where         D. when 
  【答案】A 
  【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是 the little problems, 在从句中作 meet的宾语,故选关系代词that。句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。
  3.Among the many dangers__________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
  A. which        B. what     C. where       D. when
  【答案】A
  【考点解读】
  定语从句在高考的基础知识方面的考查主要体现在单选题,语法填空及短文改错中,在单项选择中主要考查定语从句的一些基本用法,如常见关系词的选择,在选择的过程中,一定要注意限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别,定语从句与名词性从句,及状语从句的引导词的区别等,有时也会与其他修饰性的句型结构之间进行误导性考查,如与强调句性等,所以重点掌握的是从高考题中总结规律,达到熟练应用。
  【应试必备】
  常见关系代词的基本用法
  1. that
  可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。指人时,相当于who或 whom;指物时,相当于which。不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。
  2. which
  指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如:
  The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)
  3. who, whom, whose
  (1)who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人
  (2)whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
  (3)whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的
  (4)whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which  (某物的) = he + n. + of whom  (某人的)
  注意:
  ① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用 whom;表物用 which)
  ② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末。)
  4. as
  as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
  (1)如为限制性的,多用于the same …as ; the same as(与……相同);such …as …(如此,这样); as many/much as(和……一样多);so/as …as(与……一样)等结构中。如:
  (2)如为非限制性的,as还可以单独引导一个定语从句,代替整个主句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.)
  As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)众所周知,吸烟有害健康。
  关系副词
  高考频度:★★★★★ 难易程度:★★★★☆
  1.(2016•天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,             the weather may be better.
  A. that B. where C. which D. when
  【答案】D
  【解析】句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句,先行词是next week,定语从句缺少时间状语,所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
  2.(2015•北京)Opposite is St. Paul's Church, _________ you can hear some lovely music.
  A. which B. that C. when D. where
  【答案】D
  关系副词引导的定语从句
  1.关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,在从句中作状语。有时可用"介词+which"结构替换。
  ☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
  我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
  2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
  ☞Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?
  这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗?
  3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。
  ☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.
  媒体经常能够帮助解决问题,把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。
  关系代词和关系副词的选择
  用法 依据
  根据从句谓语动词 若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词则用关系副词。
  根据关系词在从句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;作状语则用关系副词。
  I. 用适当的关系词填空
  1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking?
  2. I walp to the top of the hill with my friends,             we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
  3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village.
  4. Do you know the reason             John is so angry?
  5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting.
  II.单项填空
  1.Experiments with domestic dogs,            one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.
  A. what B. where

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