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共52题，约4290字。

　　甘肃省兰州一中2016届高三冲刺模拟试题
　　英  语
　　说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时指教答题卡。
　　第一部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
　　A
　　No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
　　Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
　　Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
　　How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
　　Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
　　A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attention.
　　A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world. (478 words)
　　1. What probably led to the start of advertisement?
　　A. The discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor.
　　C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques.
　　2. To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright __________.
　　A. praised his plows in public B. placed a sign outside the shop
　　C. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers
　　3. The writer map the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to __________.
　　A. explain the origin of advertising B. predict the future of advertising
　　C. expose problems in advertising D. provide suggestions for advertising
　　4. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who __________.
　　A. owned a ship  B. had the loudest voice
　　C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers  D. functioned like today’s TV or radio commercial
　　5. The last two paragraphs are mainly about __________.
　　A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising
　　C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertising
　　B
　　It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly （精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to talt Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his bacnd at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
　　And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the boomber one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.
　　The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either) and Herman Melville.
　　Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth!
　　But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
　　6. How did the author find his friend a book liar?
　　A. By judging his manner of speaking. B. By looking into his bacnd.
　　C. By mentioning a famous name.      D. By discussing the book itself.
　　7. Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?
　　A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.
　　B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
　　C. The author admitted having read 9 books.
　　D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
　　8. By lying about reading, a person hopes to   .
　　A. control the conversation B. appear knowledgeable
　　C. learn about the book D. make more friends
　　9. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?
　　A. Favorable. B. Uncaring C. Doubtful D. Friendly
　　C
　　We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut inline: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue