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　　2018-2019学年安徽省黄山市屯溪第一中学
　　高一上学期期中考试
　　英 语
　　注意事项：
　　1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
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　　4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
　　第I卷（选择题）
　　一、阅读理解
　　Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience.
　　HappyCow app
　　Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world.
　　OpenTable app
　　OpenTable app helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points when they make reservations(保留，预定), which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits.
　　LocalEats app
　　Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs about a dollar.
　　Where Chefs Eat app
　　“Where Chefs Eat” is a 975-page book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app.
　　1．Happycow app is designed for those who prefer                          .
　　A． local foods    B． animal product
　　C． animal meat    D． vegetables
　　2．What app costs you most according to the text?
　　A． HappyCow    B． OpenTable.
　　C． LocalEats    D． Where Chefs Eat
　　3．Where does this passage most probably come from?
　　A． A science textbook.    B． A tourist map.
　　C． A technology report.    D． A museum guide.
　　Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce garbage, including things that fall off  garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
　　Americans use more than 100 billion thin plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台). The bags are not allowed in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring (聘请)scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
　　Among the bag makers’ arguments: many cities with bans（禁令）still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
　　The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
　　Environmentalists don’t doubt these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
　　4．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
　　A． Help increase market sales.    B． Recycle the wastes.
　　C． Stop things falling off trucks.    D． Argue for the use of plastic bags.
　　5．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?
　　A． Effects of city development.    B． Bans on plastic bags.
　　C． Headaches caused by garbage.    D． Plastic bags hung in trees.
　　6．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
　　A． They are quite expensive.    B． Replacing them can be difficult.
　　C． They are less strong than plastic bags.    D． Producing them requires more energy.
　　7．What’s the environmentalists’ attitude toward the use of paper bags?
　　A． Supportive    B． Uninterested
　　C． Negative    D． Objective
　　There’s a new achievement in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale(大规模地). And the industry isn’t stopping there.
　　Food production
　　With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration  on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same”, freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
　　Nutrition
　　Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers(消费者) to print food with customized(定制的) nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermar’d eat something bast for you on demand.”
　　Challenges
　　Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients (烹饪原料) must be changed to a paste（糊状