2019高考英语重难增分篇第1-7讲与练试题(7份)

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2019高考英语重难增分篇第1_7 讲与练 新人教版
2019高考英语重难增分篇第一讲时态和语态讲与练新人教版20181109246.doc
2019高考英语重难增分篇第二讲非谓语动词讲与练新人教版20181109252.doc
2019高考英语重难增分篇第六讲倒装讲与练新人教版20181109251.doc
2019高考英语重难增分篇第七讲主谓一致讲与练新人教版20181109250.doc
2019高考英语重难增分篇第三讲名词性从句讲与练新人教版20181109249.doc
2019高考英语重难增分篇第四讲定语从句讲与练新人教版20181109248.doc
2019高考英语重难增分篇第五讲状语从句讲与练新人教版20181109247.doc
  第二讲 非谓语动词
  李仕才
  第一课时 知识过关课
  复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点:
  1.句法作用(除谓语外的其他成分)
  2.时态和语态(以do为例)
  不定式 -ing形式 过去分词
  主动 一般式 to do doing done是唯一形式
  进行时 to be doing
  完成时 to have done having done
  被动 一般式 to be done being done
  完成式 to have been done having been done
  时态与语态的判断方法:
  3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语
  充当句子成分 宾语和表语 状语 定语 宾补
  逻辑主语 句子的主语 所修饰的词 句子的宾语
  4.有特殊要求的动词或动词短语
  (1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask,demand(要求),plan,intend,mean(计划),manage,do/try one’s best,make an attempt,learn(学习),wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,would lild lild prefer(希望、愿意),agree,promise(同意),decide,determine,choose,make a decision,map one’s mind(决定),offer(主动提出),apply(申请),help(帮助),fail(不能、没有),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),refuse(拒绝),happen(碰巧),afford(负担得起)等。
  (2)有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow,permit(允许),consider(考虑),suggest,advise(建议),keep(on)(反复;不停),finish(完成),imagine(想象),practise(练习),understand(明白),appreciate,enjoy(喜欢),miss(错过;怀念),prevent(阻止),forbid(禁止),escape(避免),include(包括),forgive,pardon,excuse(原谅),dislike(厌恶),discuss(讨论),report(报道),admit(承认),mind(介意),risk(冒险),can’t stand(不能忍受),burst out(突然开始),feel like(想要),insist on(坚持),delay(推迟,延误),put off(推迟),give up(放弃),be busy(忙于),be worth(值得)等。
  (3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同:remember to do(记住去做),remember doing(记得做过);forget to do(忘记去做),forget doing(忘记做过);regret to do(遗憾地做),regret doing(后悔做了);try to do(设法做),try doing(试做);go on to do(接着做另一事),go on doing(继续做同一事);mean to do(打算做),mean doing(意味着);stop to do(停下来去做),stop doing(停止做);can’t help to do(不能帮助做),can’t help doing(情不自禁做)。
  (4)在介词后一般用动名词,下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略):prevent/stop/keep...from doing(阻止……做……);spend/waste time or money in doing(在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱);How/What about doing sth(做……怎么样?);have some difficulty/trouble in doing(在做……方面有些困难);have a hard time in doing sth(做某事很艰难);there is no sense in doing(做……是没有理由/道理的);thanse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punish sb for doing sth(因做某事而感谢/第六讲 倒装
  李仕才
  第一课时 知识过关课
  [注意] 像一般疑问句一样,将情态动词、助动词或be动词放在主语的前面,这种现象叫部分倒装。将谓语(通常是一个一般现在时或一般过去时的不及物动词come,go,run,be等)放在主语前面,叫完全倒装,完全倒装句中的主语一定是名词。
  读语篇,悟语法。反复朗读下列短文,领悟画线及黑体部分。思考:1.什么情况下用完全倒装?完全倒装主语与动词的语序是如何的?2.什么情况下用部分倒装?部分倒装主语与动词的语序又是如何的?
  Busy__as__she__was[1], Lucy went to bed early. But little__did__she__eat[2] this evening. So__hungry__was__she[3]__that she kept tossing and turning in bed. Not__only__did__she__find[4] it hard to fall asleep, but also she felt her stomach hurt. Suddenly she came up with an idea, “Were__I__full[5], I would have a good sleep easily.”Then she got up and went to the kitchen. There__was[6] a cabbage, some hams and some eggs in the fridge. No__sooner__had__she__taken[7] out what she needed than she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food.In fact, seldom__had__she__cooked[8] for herself before. “Had__I__learned[9] cooking from my mother, I would have become a good cook.”she sighed and continued her job. However, hardly__had__she__tried[10] to turn on one of the two taps above the sink when she noticed it didn’t work. Neither could another tap[11].Only with the help  of__the__spanner__did__water__come[12] out of the tap at last. But it was unlucky for her to cut her finger while cutting hams.Out__ran__Lucy[13] at once. With a bandage wrapping her wounded finger, she finished cooking a delicious meal at last.From__the__kitchen__came__a__good__smell[14].Being at table,she got down to enjoying her food. Unfortunately, not  until  she tasted her food did she__find[15] she forgot to add some salt to it.“Must__I__fall__asleep[16] while being hungry?”said Lucy.
  1.as引导让步状语从句时,句中的表语、状语、动词原形放到as前。如果表语是不带定语的单数可数名词,前边的a或an要省去。
  2.当never,hardly,seldom,rarely,scarcely,barely,little,not,nowhere,in no way,at no time,by no means等否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时,句子需要部分倒装。
  3.so/such...that的“so/such+adj./adv.”位于句首时,主句需要部分倒装,that从句的语序用正常语序。
  4.not only...but (also)...连接的分句,not only位于句首时,句子需要部分倒装,but also后的句子用正常语序。
  5.在if引导的虚拟条件句中,谓语动词有were,had或should等时,可以将if省掉,把这些词语移到主语之前。
  6.以引导词there开头的句子,须使用完全倒装结构,除there be外,还有there live/stand/lie/exist等,结构为:There+动词+主语。
  7.no sooner...than;hardly...when...;scarcely...when (before)...等连接两个分句,前一分句用部分倒装,后一分句用正常语序。
  8.否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时,句子需要部分倒装。
  9.同5。
  10.在no sooner...than;hardly...when...;scarcely...when(before)...等结构中,主句用部分倒装,后面的从句用正常语序。
  11.当so,neither,nor(so用于肯定句,neither/nor用于否定句)表示前面所述情况也适合另一个人或物时,句子需要部分倒装,结构为:So/Neither/Nor+be (have,助动词或情态动词)+主语。
  12.当Only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)放在句首时,要用部分倒装。结构:Only+副词(介词短语或状语从句)+助动词/情态动词/be+主语。
  13.在“here (there,now,then,thus)+不及物动词(通常是一般现在时和一般过去时)+主语(须为名词)”的句型中,或以in,out,up,down,over,away,off,back等副词开头的句子里(主语也必须是名词),用完全倒装以表示强调。
  14.当句首为作地点状语的介词短语时,谓语是be,stand,sit,lie等时,句子也常用完全倒装。
  第七讲 主谓一致
  李仕才
  第一课时 知识过关课
  读语篇,悟语法。反复朗读下列短文。领悟画线黑体部分。思考:主谓一致包括哪些原则?分别在什么情况下使用语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则?
  My seatmate James, whose parents have__been__teaching[1] English in Guangzhou for ten years,comes[2] from the United States, which is[3] one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents enjoys[4] living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents find[5] it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a custom here is[6] easy to understand and ten years is[7] enough for them to get used to all the customs.
  I, together with James, extremely
  like[8] English but physics seems[9] rather difficult for us. Besides,both he and I are[10] very fond of reading story books, and the Arabian Nights is[11] one of the most interesting books that have__been__read[12] by us. Our class is[13] united as a big family. Now the class are[14] preparing for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of our recent time have__been__spent[15] on it. What we need is[16] a qualified coach because being trained properly is[17] of great importance. We each are all aware that each of us plays[18] an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it hasn’t__been__decided[19].
  1.语法一致原则,复数主语用复数谓语动词。
  2.语法一致原则,单数主语用单数谓语动词。
  3.意义一致原则,若主语形式上为复数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数。本句中的the United States虽然形式上是复数,但指的是一个国家,替代它的which作主语,谓语用单数。
  4.语法一致原则,“A as well as/together with/with B”结构在主语位置时,主语是A,因此,谓语动词与A保持一致。
  5.就近原则,由or,either...or,nor,neither...nor,not only...but also,not...but连接的并列主语,通常按照就近一致原则,谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。
  6.语法一致原则,“many a(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
  7.意义一致原则,表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
  8.语法一致原则,主语后面接说明主语的修饰语together with,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。
  9.意义一致原则,以-ics结尾表示学科的名词作主语时,通常表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。
  10.语法一致原则,当主语是both...and连接的并列结构,如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。

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