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2017最新高三总复习（专题攻略）之词汇、短语与句型、完形填空18份打包
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　　说明文
　　【2016•上海】
　　Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
　　In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively   51   work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
　　In any case, despite so much evidence to the   52  , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe,   53   , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from   54   without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
　　Different cultures have different ways of   55   people. Unlithoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or worp are asked to   56   to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general   57  . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional   58   managers cannot.
　　A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without   59   managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:   60   the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be   61   with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has   62   been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to   63   that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
　　Another trend is off-site or   64   management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the   65   of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
　　51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike  
　　52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree         D. extreme 
　　53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however     D. otherwise
　　54. A. outside B. inside C. below         D. above
　　55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing         D. encouraging 
　　56. A. refer B. contribute C. object         D. apply
　　57. A. agreement B. practice C. election     D. impression
　　58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western     D. male 
　　59. A. asking B. training C. warning     D. firing
　　60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing     D. estimating
　　61. A. honored     B. left C. crowded     D. compared
　　62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately     D. occasionally
　　63. A. deny B. admit     C. assume
　　It was Mother’s Day and I was shopping at the local supermarket with my five-year-old son, Tenyson. As we were   1  , we realized that only minutes earlier an   2    woman had fallen over at the entrance and hit her head on the ground.   3    was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.   4   a lot of people stopped to help out.
　　5    we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very   6   about what had happened to the elderly couple. He   7   to me, “Mom, it’s not much fun falling over in front of     8   .” Seeing that there was a flower stall（摊位）at the front of the supermarket, he added, “Why shouldn’t we   9   the lady a flower? It will make her feel better.” I was   10   that he’d come up with this   11   idea. So we went over and told the flower seller   12   we wanted. “Just take it,” she replied. “I   13   tar money for such a wonderful   14   .”
　　By now medical staff had arrived, and were   15   the injured woman. We gave the flower to the woman’s husband and I told him it was   16   my son. At that, the old man started crying and said, “Than very much.” He then turned to me, “You have a   17   son. Happy Mother’s Day to you.”
　　The man bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling ger who it was from.     18    being badly hurt, the old lady loop at Tenyson with   19   in her eyes and gave him a little     20    .
　　1. A. leaving          B. driving           C. moving        D. stopping 
　　2. A. injured          B. awkward          C. honest         D. elderly
　　3. A. Her husband                   B. My son           
　　C. The crowd                    D. The seller  
　　4. A. Specifically     B. Particularly      C. Interestingly       D. Fortunately 
　　5. A. If             B. Since            C. While           D. Unless  
　　6. A. guilty          B. curious          C. angry            D. worried
　　7. A. complained     B. said             C. lied              D. responded
　　8. A. no one         B. someone         C. everyone          D. anyone 
　　9. A. lend           B. bring            C. leave             D. buy 
　　10.A. amazed       B. shocked          C. puzzled           D. concerned 
　　11. A. wise         B. sweet            C. innocent           D. crazy 
　　12. A. which        B. when            C. what              D. whether
　　13. A. must not      B. can’t             C. may not           D. needn’t 
　　14. A. scene         B. habit             C. flower            D. deed  
　　15. A. checking with     B. looking after       C. operating on       D. paying for 
　　16. A. from           B. to            C. with     D. about
　　17. A. respectful       B. cheerful       C. successful            D. wonderful  
　　18. A. Out of          B. Regardless of   C. Thanks to            D. As to 
　　19. A. love            B. hope          C. pity                 D. pain 
　　20. A. idea            B. money         C. smile               D. comfort         
　　（二）
　　We live in a fast-paced and anxiety-filled world that oftentimes seems to shift beneath our feet. Thus we are sometimes affected by fears or anxiety impacting our life. For as long as I could remember I had struggled with anxiety. After I left university, I made friends with a Moroccan woman at work. One day she invited me to     1     her and her family back home. I wanted to, but I would have to travel there      2     and I knew we would be in a very rural area. How would I cope with my     3    ?
　　Then one day it     4     to me that I had a life to live. I could choose to let anxi完形填空题型介绍
　　1. 理论依据
　　完形填空，又称为综合填空。英文叫Cloze Test(或Cloze Procedure, Cloze Technique)。从20世纪70年代起，这种测试形式就被我国外语教学界普遍采用。该题型也已成为我国高考英语试题及各种英语测试的固定题型，因此引起了广大英语教师和参加考试的学生广泛关注。
　　Cloze 一词来源于“格式塔心理学派”（Gestalt Psychology）的术语。这个学派主张整体理解，理解时从上到下，从总体结构到各个组成部分进行分析，它认为人有时对不完整的事物进行补充的能力。按照“格式塔心理学派”的理论，一篇文章有它的主题思想，整体结构，理论支持，总体布局等特点。选一篇文章，中间去掉一些词，也就是说每隔一些词留一个空格，这篇文章仍有足够的线索，考生能用这些线索，通过上下文的分析，对被去掉的词作出正确的判断，从所给的选项中选出恰当的词填入空格，使上下文合理、符合题意、并能保持原文内容的完整性和原文的语言特色。后来人们把这个理论应用到英语测试题上，就形成了今天的Cloze Test, 具体地说就是一种综合填空测试题。综上所述就是完形填空题的理论依据。
　　2. 试题形式
　　完形填空题的形式主要有两种：
　　1）一种是取一篇短文，在当中挖掉一些词，留出空格，在文章下方提供4个可供选择的答案，考生从中选出正确的答案；
　　2）一种是取一篇短文，每隔一定数量的词，留出空格，不提供任何可供选择的答案，考生
　　根据上下文填写一个恰当的词；
　　目前我国高考英语试题采用的是第一种形式，即在所选短文的下面提供4个可供选择的答案，考生从四个选项中选出一个正确答案。这是我国高考和英语测试所采用的最流行的一种形式。
　　3. 试题性质
　　完形填空题与语法选择题和词汇选择题虽然都是填空题，但在试题性质和测试目的上是完全不同的。语法、结构单项填空通常是以一个句子的形式出现的，通过选择一个答案，这个答案在语法上能够使这个句子完整。词汇选择题通常也是以一个句子的形式出现的，通过选择一个答案，这个答案能够使这个句子在意义上完整。而做完形填空题则基于整个语篇的理解，要求考生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词组和有一定的阅读理解能力，和词语搭配能力，综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题是阅读题，是一种难度较大的题型。是一种对考生阅读理解能力的测试。
　　下面从以下几个角度来分析一下完形填空题的特点：
　　1. 填空类型分析
　　完形填空题的词项有两大类：实词和虚词。实词指：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词和数词；虚词指：介词及介词短语、连词和冠词。还有一种划分是把完形填空题分为语义和动能两大类，如果该题型要求考生填入实词，这种填空题为语义类；如果该题型要求考生填入虚词，这种填空题为功能类。笔者分析并统计高考英语试题中的完形填空题以填实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词）为主，虚词（连词、介词、介词短语）为次；也就是说以语义类为主，功能类为次。这就意味着完形填空题主要测试考生的阅读能力和英语语言知识综合运用能力。
　　2. 短文长度分析
　　从短文的长度来看，近10年高考中，每篇短文平均为221个单词。
　　3. 间隔设计分析
　　完形填空题的难易取决于两个因素：1）所取的短文本身所含的生词量、语法、句子结构、句子长短、文化背景等； 2）空格之间的长度，空格与空格之间的长度越长，填空难度