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2018届高考英语总复习真题研练（打包60套）（含解析）
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　　Week 1　Friday
　　Task 1：请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
　　(2015•江苏)I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.The stories of his unconventional __1__ and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so __2__ to me and had such a big __3__ on how I saw life from then on.Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr.Bernie and his CDs again to __4__ my own cancer experience?
　　I’m an ambitious __5__，and when I started going through chemo (化疗)，even though I’m a very __6__ person，I lost my drive to write.I was just too tired and not in the __7__．One day，while waiting to go in for __8__，I had one of Dr.Bernie’s books in my hand.Another patient __9__ what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me __10__ he had one of his books with him as well.It __11__ that among other things，he was an eighty－year－old writer.He was __12__ a published author，and he was currently __13__ on a new book.
　　We would see each other at various times and __14__ friends.Sometimes he wore a duck hat，and I would tell myself，he was definitely a(n) __15__ of Dr.Bernie.He really put a __16__ on my face.He unfortunately __17__ last year due to his cancer，__18__ he left a deep impression on me and gave me the __19__ to pick up my pen again.I __20__ to myself，“If he can do it，then so can I．”
　　【语篇解读】　文章讲述作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生的影响。在不幸患癌症之后，他最初一度想放弃写作，但在治疗期间结识了一位80岁的病友，这位病友以其虽患疾病但坚持写作的精神和态度深深感染了作者，使其得到了鼓舞。在这位病友去世后，作者决定重新拿起纸笔继续创作。
　　1．A.tastes  B．ideas
　　C．notes  D．memories
　　答案　B　[该空所在句意：他的故事里不落俗套的想法和笔下不寻常的患者让我如此惊叹……。联系空前的stories及unconventional(新奇的，不落俗套的)可知，ideas最合语境。taste味道，志趣；note笔记，便条；memory记忆。]
　　2．A.amazing  B．shocking
　　C．amusing  D．strange
　　答案　A　[句意参见上题。amazing令人惊叹的；shocking令人震惊的；amusing逗人发笑的，有意思的；strange奇怪的。amazing含有“钦佩”之意，shocking没有此义，故选A。]
　　3．A.strike  B．push
　　C．challenge  D．impact
　　答案　D　[由并列连词and可知空格处所在部分应该和“令人惊叹”意义一致，即“对我如何看待人生产生了很大的影响”。have an impact on对……有影响，是固定短语。]
　　4．A.learn from  B．go over
　　C．get through  D．refer to
　　答案　C　[此处应该是承接上文意思，即：谁会知道多年后我又要依赖Dr.Bernie和他的光盘来熬过我自己的癌症经历？get through (使某人)熬过(困难时期)。]
　　5．A.reader  B．writer
　　C．editor  D．doctor
　　Week 1 Monday
　　Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
　　(2016•江苏，B)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
　　In the laboratory，chimps don’t naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.
　　Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.
　　There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another  is  that the helping behaviors   are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
　　The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thint beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
　　【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科技说明文。主要介绍的是通过实验对比了黑猩猩与人类在相互帮助的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩没有相互帮助的本能，根本就不懂合作，而人却从小就知道帮助他人，善于与他人合作，这是人类独有的天性。
　　1．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?
　　A．Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.
　　B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children.
　　C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.
　　D．Chimps naturally share food with each other.
　　答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少关心其他的黑猩猩，比如第二段中的例子：把邻居的食物占为己有，根本不关心邻居是否有东西吃。]
　　2．Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they ________．
　　A．have the instinct to help others
　　B．know how to offer help to adults
　　C．know the world better than chimps
　　D．trust adults with their hands full
　　答案　A　[细节判断题。根据第三段中的Human children，on the other hand，are extremely cooperative.From the earliest ages，they decide to help others可判断出，孩子有帮助他人的本能。]
　　3．The passage is mainly about ________．
　　Weersday
　　Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
　　(2015•江苏，C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization.It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertanteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
　　Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
　　People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately，these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g.，“I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g.，“I volunteer because I’m required to do so”)．When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they manteer activities a must.
　　Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question，researchers have conducted follow－up studies in which they tracnteers over time.For instance，one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”．
　　Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations，they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results，once again，lead to concrete advice：“Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus