高三短文改错专题一对一辅导教案
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一对一辅导教案
高三 学科
第（ ）次课
共（ ）次课
短文改错专题
1.锻炼学生发现、判断、纠正语言错误的能力
2.培养学生综合运用英语知识的准确性
1.非谓语动词、动词词义辨析
2.句型结构、行文逻辑和固定搭配
教学过程
【2016年高考命题预测】
短文改错一直是高考的重点题型之一。因为英语和汉语分属于不同的语系，差别较大，所以出现差错也就在所难免。短文改错旨在检测考生通过语篇发现、判断、纠正语言错误的能力，考查学生综合运用英语知识的准确性。它要求考生具备扎实的英语语言功力和相当高的综合运用能力，包括词汇、语法、惯用法、篇章结构、行文逻辑等各方面。
该题考查的重点在于动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、动词词义辨析，兼顾名词、介词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、连词，还涉及句型结构、行文逻辑和固定搭配等方面的错误。
短文改错的难度近几年一直保持不变。就短文改错而言，考试大纲中是这么说的“重点检测考生对书面语篇的校验能力”。所以，文中所出现的错误仍属基础知识和基本技能范围
【考点pk】名师考点透析
Ⅰ.语法错误
包括动词、名词、代词、主谓一致、非谓语动词及情态动词等方面的错误。
1.名词:名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误，可数与不可数名词的混用。确定名词单复数有以下几种方法:看修饰语；看主谓语的一致性；可数名词前无单数修饰语一定要用复数；看其他限制。
EG：
(6)We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
解析 因“水”为物质名词，不可数。
答案 waters→water
(7)There are branch library in many villages.
解析 因其前的谓语动词are为复数形式。
答案 library→libraries
(8)I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.
解析 some time意为“某时”。
答案 times→time
(9)They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.
解析 因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lots of。
答案 question→questions
2.动词:时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接 ing形式的接了to，或相反等。对于这一类错误可根据上下文语境或者句子的平行结构确定动词时态。
EG：
(19)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.
解析 因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态。
答案 seeing→seen
(20)Books may be keep for four weeks.
解析 因此处要用被动语态。
答案 keep→kept
(21)...and let you know when the boo want has returned.
解析 因从句意上看，此处要用被动语态。
答案 returned前加been
(22)Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.
解析 由句意可知。
答案 go→come
(23)They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.
解析 因此处缺谓语动词。
答案 eager前加were
【即时小练】
(1)We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop...
(2)Also，scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases.
(3)If the boo will want is out，you may ask for it to be called back for you.
答案 (1)stop→stopped (2)had→have (3)去掉will
3.形容词、副词:常在需要形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where,when,why等的缺失或错用。根据形容词、副词的基本用法或句意确定错误。
EG：
(14)Last Sunday，police cars hurried to the taller building in New York.
解析 因从含义上看此处应是最高级。
答案 taller→tallest
(15)As a result，people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.
解析 因为longer本身已是比较级，不能再用more修饰。
答案 去掉more
4.介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。
EG：
(16)Bill insisted in staying near the car.
解析 insist on为固定搭配。
答案 in→on
(17)When they came down，the police were angry to them.
解析 要表示“对某人生气”，习惯上用be angry with sb。
答案 to→with
(18)Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
解析 因其前的get是及物动词。
答案 去掉for
5.主谓一致:主语为单数，动词用了复数；而主语为复数，动词却用了单数形式。再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
EG：
(1)(2014•四川)Today，I am going to talk with (about) what you should do when a fire alarm go off.
解析 该句的主语为a fire alarm，为单数名词，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
答案 go→goes
6.冠词:主要考查表示特指和泛指时冠词的使用情况。定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类及三餐活动、称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the；a,an的混用等。
EG:
(1)After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.
解析 因hour以元音音素开头。
答案 a→an
(2)I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.
解析 因此处并非特指，而是泛指。
答案 the→a
(3)Good health is person's most valuable possession.
解析 这里的a表泛指。
答案 person's前加a
(4)Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.
解析 此处的winter holidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的。
答案 a→the
(5)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
解析 catch sight of是习语，意为“看见，瞥见”
答案 去掉a
7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred，写作seven hundreds。
8.连词:连接词主要包括名词性从句中的连接词，定语从句中的关系词，状语从句中的连接词，以及主从复合句和并列句中的连接词等。特别是对which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等的考查。
EG：
(2)People would like to take part in this contest should go to the office of the Students' Union and sign up.
解析 定语从句缺少引导词。此句中的引导词who或that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
答案 People后加who或that
I told Mother，Father，Sister，all my friends here what a great time I had.
解析 all前加and，表示并列关系。
答案 all前加and
【即时小练】
This would save the life of many animals，some of them have almost died out.
答案 them→which
9.代词:主要是代词的性、格与数的错用。这类题应根据句意或句型结构确定错误。
(10)David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.
解析 因它与其前的关系代词which语义重复。
答案 去掉it
(11)When we walked to the car，Bill smiled and shook head.
解析 汉语为“摇头”，而英语的习惯是说shake one's head。
答案 head前加his
(12)We climb everywhere，not only in America.They have been to Europe many times.
解析 前后人称不一致。
答案 They→We
(13)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
解析 因前面的the Smiths指的是“史密斯夫妇/一家”，是复数意义。
答案 his→their
II.逻辑错误
主要出现在肯定与否定以及表示递进、转折、因果等关系的关联词上。判断这类错误，要从上下文、惯用法、主从复合句的句意来找到错误。若为并列句，要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系，从而选择恰当的连词。 若为复合句，应首先判断属于哪一种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的逻辑关系判断连接词的使用正确与否。
EG： (1)We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.
解析 根据句意，此处为转折关系。
答案 and→but
(1)It is a very important exam but I can't afford to fail it.
解析 此处表因果关系，并非转折关系。
答案 but→so
(2)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
解析 a visitor和a guest应是选择关系，意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人。”
答案 and→or
(3)I'm the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we've won several games.
解析 表并列关系。
答案 so→and
III.固定搭配错误
主要有习惯用语和固定搭配中的介词、冠词、连词、副词等的错误。做这类题首先要弄清习惯用语和固定搭配的正确形式和确切含义，判断是否有多用、漏用和错用介词、 副词、冠词等现象。
EG ：(2014•陕西)He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.
解析 want作“想要做某事”讲时后接带to的不定式。
答案 wanted后加to
(16)Bill insisted in staying near the car.
解析 insist on为固定搭配。
答案 in→on
(17)When they came down，the police were angry to them.
解析 要表示“对某人生气”，习惯上用be angry with sb。
答案 to→with
三、短文改错的应试要点
1.粗看全文，不要一上来就改动;
2.一行看三行，就某一行做判断时，要顾及上下两行或整句;
3.一行想全文，单句中合理还不够，要全文合理;
4.别忘了在错词下画线;
5.多词处要在原文中划掉此词，在抄完此词后也用斜线划掉;
6.弄清句子结构有利于判断;
7.如感觉一行有两处错，应将最有把握处改正;
8.复核，做完题重看全文。
巩固练习—链接高考
【2015•新课标全国II】
短文改错 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
【答案】
71. parent改为parents
72. on改为in
73. very去掉
74. looks改为looking
75. where改为that 或者去掉 where
76. begun改为began
77. telling改为told
78. a改为the
79. saw后加his
80. terrible改为terribly
【考点定位】语法填空。
【名师点睛】通过短短的100多个词，使考生能正确运用各类词和固定搭配，如动词、名词、副词、代词和连词，辨别并改正错误。总的说来，本题都是学生平时书面表达中常见的错误。多读多练习就能找出问题所在，也能对写作有帮助。
5.【2015•新课标全国I】
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之问交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I thinld be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out . We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so ,we’ll live to regret it .
【答案】
76. thinght
77. countryside前加the
78. or—and
79. on—with
80. been去掉
81. seriously—serious
82. airs—air
83. much—many
84. found—find
85. your—our
【考点定位】短文改错。
【名师点睛】改错题整体难度适中，文章简单易懂。考点分布均匀，添、删、改比例为1:1:8。重点考查时态、名词的单复数、冠词、连词、副词以及介词的搭配等。考生解此类题型时一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正，且要小改而不大改。
例题精讲
【2014•全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day .
My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest , or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends .
【答案】
1.They→There
2.didn’t→don’t
3.many →much
4.with→for
5.hour→hours
6.look→looks
7.去掉the
8.sat→sit
9.listening 后加to
10.helpfully →helpful
6.look→looks考查主谓一致。My dream school look like a big garden 。主语是单数名词school，根据主谓一致的原则可知把look改为第三人称单数looks。
7.去掉the考查冠词用法。There are all kinds of the flowers。解题关键：掌握there be 句型的特点，即在there be 句型中名词均是泛指概念，所以应该把the 去掉。
8.sat→sit考查动词时态。or sat by the lake listening music。根据前句内容We can lie on the grass for a rest判断此处是or连接的另一个谓语动词，和lie并列，所以把sat改为sit。
9.listening 后加to。考查固定短语。or sat by the lake listening music。Listen是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，固定短语listen to 意思是“听”，所以在listening后加to。
10.helpfully →helpful考查形容词和副词。The teachers here are kind and helpfully .涉及知识：系动词后要跟形容词做表语，所以把helpfully改为helpful。
考点：考查短文改错。
【2014•全国新课标I】短文改错（10分）
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted
Some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then for all these year we
had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are
growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste. There are so much
that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow
in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack
problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
【答案】
1.before—ago
2.by—of
3.year—years
4.had—has
5.As∧ result—a
6.somewhere—everywhere
7.taste—tasty
8.much—many
9.but—yet或去掉but
10.wonderfully—wonderful
7.这种果子个头小，但是汁多、味道好。这里放在are后面，应该用形容词。所以把taste改成tasty。
8.根据后面的them可知，这里用many表示可数名词的许多，而much修饰不可数名词。所以把much 改成many。
9.英语中although是连词，but是并列连词。所以不能同时用。所以把but改成yet或去掉but。
10.tomatoes 是名词，应该用形容词来修饰。副词常常修饰动词。所以把wonderfully改为wonderful。
考点：短文改错。
2013年高考试题
[2013•新课标I] 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌中间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：把缺词处叫个娄子符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing
old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me
now.
I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard
that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set himself
apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even
scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.
However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
1.【答案】holding---hold
【解析】此处used to意为：过去常常，to是不定式符号。故用动词原形。
【考点定位】考查不定式的用法。
2.【答案】passes----passed
【解析】根据前面的I was only four可知，用一般过去时。
【考点定位】考查动词时态。
3.【答案】much--- well/clearly
【考点定位】考查副词词义及用法。
4.【答案】shoulder—shoulders
【解析】根据常理“人有两个肩膀”。所以，用复数形式。
【考点定位】考查名词单复数的用法。
5.【答案】toward---to/into
【解析】根据句意可知，这里指：黑胡子变成了白胡子。所以，用turn to或into的形式。
【考点定位】考查介词的用法。
6.【答案】himself---him
【解析】句意：他的深沉的声音把他和别人区别开。
【考点定位】考查代词的用法。
7.【答案】he前加and
【解析】根据句中结构可知He had a deep voice, （which set him apart from others in our small town,）和he was strong and powerful.是并列关系。所以，用and连接起来。
【考点定位】考查连词的用法。
9.【答案】during---when
【解析】根据they came over to play or do homework with me.是句子，所以，用连词when，during是介词，不能连接状语从句。
【考点定位】考查状语从句的连接词。
10.【答案】never---ever
【解析】根据句意：他是我认识的最温柔的人。可知将never改为ever。这是语意错误。
【考点定位】考查副词词义及语境理解。
[2013•新课标II]短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：把缺词处加一个漏符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The book I’m reading of talt afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800’s. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
1.【答案】of---去掉
2. 【答案】have—having
3. 【答案】that—which
4. 【答案】becomes—became
5. 【答案】在day前加the
6. 【答案】interesting---interestingly
7. 【答案】by---with/to
8. 【答案】drannk
9. 【答案】cup—cups
A.【答案】grow-growth
[答案与解析]
