江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习试卷(7份)
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江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.1语音基本知识
江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.1语音基本知识.doc
江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.2句子成份.doc
江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.3定语从句.doc
江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.4反义疑问句.doc
江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.5时态语态.doc
江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.6主谓一致.doc
江苏省淮阴中学高一英语衔接练习NO.7状语从句.doc
一、26个英文字母及发音音标
A a [eI] Q q [kju:] F f [ef] V v [vi:] K k [keI] H h [eItʃ]
E e [i:] U u [ju:] J j [dʒeI] Z z [zi:][zed] O o [əʊ] L l [el]
I i [aI] Y y [waI] N n [en] C c [si:] S s [es] P p [pi:]
M m [em] B b [bi:] R r [ɑ:] G g [dʒi:] W w [′d∧blju:] T t [ti:]
D d [di:] X x [eks]
从以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素,比如:
1)含元音音素[eI]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [eI] [eItʃ] [dʒeI] [keI]
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [dʒi:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5) 含元音音素[aI]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [aI] [waI]
二、英语音标
英语音标一共有48个,具体如下:
元音
12个单元音
长元音
[i:] [З:] [ɔ:] [u:] [ɑ:]
短元音
[e] [ɒ] [ʊ] [ə] [І] [æ] [Λ]
8个双元音
[aI] [eI] [ɔI] [əʊ] [Iə] [eə] [ʊə] [aʊ]
辅音
10对
清辅音
[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [tʃ] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音
[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] [m] [n] [ŋ]
3个似拼音
[h] [r] [l]
2个半元音
[w] [j]
三、48个英语国际音标发音规则及练习
元音
1、前元音[i:] [І] [e] [æ]
所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部,也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起,舌尖要抵住下齿,口形扁平,不要收圆。四个前元音中发[i:]的时候舌前部抬得最高,牙床近乎全合。发[І]的时候舌前部比[i:]稍低,牙床也开得稍大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。发第三个前元音[e]的时候舌前部比[І]又要第一些,牙床也开得更大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。发第四个前元音[æ]的时候舌前部最低,牙床开得最大。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。
[i:] me he she these Chinese meet
[І] sit six is it this milk
[e] desk pen bed egg red
[æ] bag map apple cat hand
2、后元音[ɑ:] [Λ] [ɔ:] [ʊ] [u:] [ɒ]
所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部,也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起。发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿。除了后元音[ɑ:]要用中常唇外,其它四个音都要用圆唇,发音时嘴要拢圆。个别的音如[ʊ] [u:]嘴唇还要向前突出。其次,要注意后元音的舌位。五个后元音中[ɑ:]的舌位最低,开口最大。[Λ]的舌位比[ɑ:]稍高,开口度比[ɑ:]稍小。[ɔ:]的舌位比[Λ]又要更高一些。[ʊ]的舌位比[ɔ:]又要高一些,开口度再小一些。[u:]的舌位最高,开口最小。发[ɒ]音时,要注意双唇收圆,不然容易发成[ɑ:],所以学习这个音时可以先发[ɑ:],然后将双唇收圆,就会发出[ɒ]音。
[ɑ:] part half ask class father
[Λ] cut love touch bus come
[ɔ:] sort door saw talk four
[ʊ] put book woman look could
[u:] do zoo blue ruler move
[ɒ] top cock box what want
3、中元音[З:] [ə]
所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部,也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起,舌尖可以轻抵下齿,口形扁平或中常。[З:]的舌位比 [ə]稍高。
[З:] bird serve term work turn
[ə] about China letter actor again
上面提到了12个单元音。英语里还有8个双元音。这8个双元音又可分成两类,合口双元音和集中双元音,下面分别讲解。
4、合口双元音[eI] [aI] [ɔI] [əʊ] [aʊ]
所谓“合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音[І]或[ʊ]。发双元音时要注意从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。在滑动过程中,口形、舌位都有明显的变化。另外,还要注意双元音的下面几个特点:
1)、前长后短(前音长后音短)。2)、前重后轻(前音发得重,后音发得轻)。3)、前音清楚,后音模糊。
I.句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:
Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如:
We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如:
I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.
三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。例如:
Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如:
He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语 直接宾语
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语 直接宾语
四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如:
My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。
They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。
She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的,可以作定语的除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如:
This is a green cup.(形容词)这是一个绿色的杯子。
Are these students your classmates? (代词)这些学生是你班的吗?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.(介词短语)冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
I have something important to tell you.(不定式)我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The people here are very friendly.(副词)这里的人们非常友好。
注意:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的,有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如:
You are quite right .(副词) 你非常正确。
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. (介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. (介词短语)她将于星期一到达北京。
He stopped to have a look. (不定式短语)他停下来看了看。
七、宾语补足语¬¬¬¬¬——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语,意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如:
We call her Xiao Li.
宾语 宾语补足语
You must keep the room clean and tidy.
宾语 宾语补足语
John asked me to help him with his Chinese.
宾语 宾语补足语
I will have my hair cut tomorrow.
宾语 宾语补足语
We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now.
宾语 宾语补足语
句子成分巧记歌诀
主谓宾表定状补, 七种成分记清楚。
句子主干主谓宾(表),枝叶成分定状补。
定语修饰主宾表, 宾语之后常有补。
主谓人称数一致, 状语位置最灵活。
I. 概述
一. 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人, 在从句中做主语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2. whom指人, 在定语从句中充当宾语, 常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talt on the bus.
3. which指物, 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时, 相当于who 或者whom; 指物时, 相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语, 做宾语时可省略。
(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人, 也可指物, 在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时, 常用限定词 名词+of which或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
二. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
注意: 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用, 如: look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (2) This is the watch for which I am looking.
2. 若介词放在关系代词前, 关系代词指人时用whom, 不可用who或者that, 不可以省略; 指物时用which, 不能用that, 不可以省略; 关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (2) The man with who/that you talked is my friend.
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable.
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
4. 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
1) 当先行词是some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/all, none, 等代词时, 或者是由some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only, one of等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you.
(5) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (6) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
(7) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting
注意: 当先行词指人时, 偶尔也可以用who。 (1) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2) 当先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4) 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
5) 当先行词既有人, 也有物时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
6) 在There be句型中
经典习题:
1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
2. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
三. 关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间, 在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点, 在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因, 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he loonhappy today.
注意: 关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he went to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.
四. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1. 区别:
形式: 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号, 而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。
(1)The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
(2)China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
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