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¡¡¡¡Passenger pigeons(Âøë)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(Ⱥ)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
¡¡¡¡It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons­a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
¡¡¡¡Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing£®Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever­lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, tandreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
¡¡¡¡By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood, which scattered(ÇýÉ¢)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
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¡¡¡¡Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human­to­human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(´«ËÍ) into other animals caused the virus to ¡°hot up¡± and become more severe.
¡¡¡¡The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
¡¡¡¡Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: ¡°The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.¡±
¡¡¡¡¡°We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.¡±
¡¡¡¡Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: ¡°Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.¡±
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¡¡¡¡Many years ago, I pulled a family out of a burning car somewhere in Wyoming. Last week I received a telephone call from a woman who could not stop crying as she told me that one of my stories had saved her son from committing suicide. In closing she called me a hero.
¡¡¡¡That got me thinking about what a hero is. Was I a hero because I pulled a family from a burning car? If so, how could I be a hero just because I wrote a story that saved someone¡¯s life?
¡¡¡¡Today I loop the word ¡°hero¡± in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It read ¡°a person who does something brave¡± and also ¡°a person who is good and noble¡±.
¡¡¡¡That statement impressed me more than the part about being brave. So I thought about something very important. And I remembered what happened to me years ago.
¡¡¡¡After my marriage of twenty years ended, I was in such a condition. I was within hours trying to get enough courage to end the pain and misery. When I returned home, someone had sent me a card in the mail which told me how much they would appreciate me as a friend. That wonderful card probably saved my life. That person, without even knowing it, saved a life and became a hero.
¡¡¡¡The many stories I kept writing in the following years saved the life of a teenage boy. In turn that makes the person who sent me the card a double hero. I suppose that is why I fight so hard to help the children now living in orphanages (¹Â¶ùÔº). Most children come out of these institutions with a very hard and bitter attitude against the world. The gifts we send them let them know that they have not been forgotten. Hopefully, most of them will never hurt anyone because of the kindness shown to them by those of us who cared. If it works, we will also become
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¡¡¡¡British planning experts are heading to China to advise on building cities that do not damage the environment. They will address mayors on the need to avoid U£®S. Model by building dense(³íÃܵÄ) cities with low­carbon buildings and good public transport. Their visit follows a report warning that the road­based U£®S. Model could make climate change impossible to control.
¡¡¡¡Europe's densely­populated cities, with strong public transport links, are held up as an example for China to follow. By good planning and spending a little more, livable new cities could be built with low­carbon infrastructure(»ù´¡ÉèÊ©). In China many institutions are taking the climate more seriously than before and the traveling group from Britain's Town and Country Planning Association will meet officials from the Chinese government's economic research agency in a workshop on low­carbon buildings.
¡¡¡¡They will also meet officers in fast­growing Shenyang, which has more than six million inhabitants(¾ÓÃñ). On another day they will present their ideas at the National Academy. Several of China's major cities suffer heavy traffic jams. Some of their leaders are now looking for new ideas to make cities more densely­populated, while the mayors of some fast­growing cities are hoping to build in a less energy­consuming way.
¡¡¡¡China also suffers a crisis of agricultural land, so high­density planning has many benefits. Kate Henderson said ¡°As more and more people across the world move from rural to urban areas we must guarantee our cities grow stably.¡± This means delivering schools, parks and public transport alongside employment areas and housing. ¡°We look forward to sharing our thinking on how Garden City principles can be applied¡ªboth to creating new cities and to renewing existing ones.¡±
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