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　　贵州省遵义航天高级中学2015届高三上学期第四次模拟考试英语试题
　　阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
　　A
　　Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely table to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picp of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
　　Grown-ups can hardly find children’s game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
　　It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they mare that every child has a chance to win.
　　4.Which is the best title for this passage?
　　A. Rules in Children’s Games 
　　B. Advantages of Playing Games for Children
　　C. Reasons for Children’s Games
　　D. How to Be a Popular Game Player
　　B
　　No one likes to make mistat a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer.
　　One of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah.
　　They did not find much long-term "organizational learning" from success. It is possible, they say But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them．
　　The study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites一and other space
　　vehicles. Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights．
　　In two thousand two, a piece of insulating（隔热的）material broke off, during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.
　　Then, in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes.
　　Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more
　　open-minded. He points to airlines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures in
　　the past.
　　He advises organizations to looseful information in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study appeared in the Academy of Management Journal