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¡¡¡¡Believe it or not, optical illusion(´í¾õ) can cut highway crashes.
¡¡¡¡Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(ÈË×ÖÐÎ), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
¡¡¡¡Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(»ù½ð»á) for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan¡¯s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
¡¡¡¡Excessive (too great) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards (danger) are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
¡¡¡¡Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers bee used to seeing the painted bars.
¡¡¡¡Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
¡¡¡¡1. The passage mainly discusses ________.
¡¡¡¡A. a new way of highway speed control
¡¡¡¡B. a new pattern for painting highways
¡¡¡¡C. a new way of training drivers
¡¡¡¡D. a new type of optical illusion
¡¡¡¡2. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________.
¡¡¡¡A. they should avoid speed-related hazards
¡¡¡¡B. they are driving in the wrong lane
¡¡¡¡C. they should slow down their speed
¡¡¡¡D. they are ing near to the speed limit
¡¡¡¡3. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________.
¡¡¡¡A. can keep drivers awake B. can cut road accidents in half
¡¡¡¡C. will look more attractive D. will have a longer effect on drivers
¡¡¡¡4. The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.
¡¡¡¡A. try out the Japanese method in certain areas
¡¡¡¡B. change the road signs across the country
¡¡¡¡C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons
¡¡¡¡D. repeat the Japanese road patterns
¡¡¡¡5. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
¡¡¡¡A. They are suitable only on broad roads.
¡¡¡¡B. They are falling out of use in the United States.
¡¡¡¡C. They are ignored in a long period of time.
¡¡¡¡D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.
¡¡¡¡B
¡¡¡¡The mon cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(Òß²¡) that flesh receives.
¡¡¡¡The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(²¡¶¾) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by ing into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until ing into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.ª¥
¡¡¡¡During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(Õ½º¾), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.ª¥