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　　高二年级第一次月考试卷（ 英语 ）
　　第一部分  阅读理解。（共两节，满分40分）
　　第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。
　　A.
　　I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office?”
　　Foreign tourists are often confused in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”
　　In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”
　　People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’s about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know.
　　It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don’t know” is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
　　1. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually ______.
　　A. describe the place carefully              B. show him a map of the place
　　C. tell him the names of the streets
　　D. refer to recognizable buildings and places
　　2. What is the place where people measure distance in time?
　　A. New York. B. Kansas.     C. Los Angeles. D. Iowa.
　　3. What can we infer from the text?
　　A. It’s important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
　　B. It’s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
　　C. People have similar understandings of politeness.
　　D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
　　B.
　　A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stone may break my bones, but words will never hurt me. ” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves — the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
　　We all talrselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. But we really shouldn’t be, because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
　　This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Beware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying, “Good job! ”
　　Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always asrselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
　　Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem(自尊) and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal?  The choice is ours.
　　4. The author argues in the first paragraph that _____.
　　A. words will never hurt us at all
　　B. words have lasting effects on us
　　C. positive effects last longer than negative effects
　　D. negative effects last longer than positive effects
　　5. Why should we not feel embarrassed when talking to ourselves?
　　A. Almost everybody has the habit of talking to oneself.
　　B. It does harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone.
　　C. Talking to ourselves helps us to solve all the problems.
　　D. Talking to ourselves out loud is believed to be good for our health.
　　6. The underlined phrase “give ourselves a pat on the back” in Paragraph 3 means ______.
　　A. blame ourselves B. punish ourselves
　　C. praise ourselves D. talrselves
　　7. Which of the following statements would the author agree to?
　　A. It is better to think twice before talking to others.
　　B. It is impossible for unkind words to be forgotten.
　　C. Words always possess long positive effects.
　　D. Kind words are sometimes not needed at all.
　　C．
　　The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare’s time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a g