2017临沂中考英语复习语法考点陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句精讲真题精炼试卷
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考点一 陈述句之肯定句变否定句
陈述句是用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等的句子。包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。通常肯定句变否定句的方法是:
1. 若句中有连系动词be、情态动词或助动词,则分别在它们的后面加上not。如:
His mother has already called the police for help.
→His mother hasn’t called the police for help yet.
例 Sometimes you’re supposed to come early. (变为否定句)
Sometimes you supposed to come early.
解析:因为句中有连系动词are,所以在变否定句时,应在are后加not。 答案:are not
2. 原句中没有连系动词be、助动词或情态动词时,要在行为动词前加助动词(do,does,did)与否定副词not。并注意这时的行为动词要用原形。另外,还需要将原句中的some改为any,too改为either,already改为yet。如:
The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. →The old man didn’t hurt his leg last Wednesday.
例 He did some work this morning. (变为否定句)
He do work this morning.
解析:句子的谓语动词为did,变否定句时加助动词did与not,注意这时的行为动词要用原形,句中的some变为any。 答案:didn’t,any
3. 英语中有些肯定句与not连用只表示部分否定,所以在变为否定句时,只需将其中的某一(些)词语变为否定词即可。常见的这类词有both→neither,all→none,both... and... →neither... nor... ,everyone/each→no one/nobody,each/either→neither,a few→few,a little→little。如:
All the students are listening carefully. →None of the students is/are listening carefully.
Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. →Neither Joy nor Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.
例 I know about the news. You can ask Peter. He can tell you the news.
A. everything B. nothing C. anything
解析:从句子You can ask Peter. He can tell you the news. 可判断,“我”对这个消息一无所知,所以用否定词nothing。 答案:B
4. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think时,如果要否定后面的宾语从句,习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如:
I think she will come here soon.
→I don’t think she will come here soon.
考点二 祈使句
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。肯定结构都以动词原形开头。否定结构主要有“Don’t+动词原形+其他”和“No+名词或动名词”两种形式。
Put the books in your bag. 把书放到你的书包里。
Don’t be late. 不要迟到。
No parking here. 这里禁止停车。
例1 buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there.
A. Not B. Not too C. Don’t D. Don’t to
解析:祈使句的否定形式是在句子前面加don’t,故答案选C。 答案:C
例2 —Look at the sign;what does it mean?
—It means“ ”.
A. Don’t talking B. No talking C. Not talk
解析:表示“不要说话”可以使用Don’t talk. 或No talking. 两种形式,因此答案为B项。 答案:B
中考对祈使句的考查主要有:
1. 祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换
(1)“Let’s+动词原形+其他”可转换为“Shall we+动词原形+其他? ”。如:
Let’s go fishing this afternoon.
=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?
(2)“祈使句+and/or+简单句”可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如:
Use your head,and you’ll find a way.
=If you use your head,you’ll find a way.
Hurry up,or we’ll be late.
=If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late.
例 a dairy every day and you’ll improve your writing.
A. Keeping B. To keep C. Keep D. If you keep
解析:句意:每天记日记,那么你将会提高你的写作。祈使句(动词原形居首)+and you will... 意为“做……,你就会……”。结合句意知选C。
答案:C
2. 祈使句的应答语
(1)以Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语常用Good idea. /OK. /Yes,I’d love to. 等。如:
—Let’s go to the park. 让我们去公园吧。
—Good idea. 好主意。
(2)其他肯定祈使句的应答语为Yes,I will. ;否定祈使句的应答语为Sorry/No,I won’t(do it again). 。如:
—It’s going to rain. Remember to tambrella with you. 就要下雨了。记着带上雨伞。
—Thanks,I will. 谢谢,我会的。
—Don’t play with my cat. 不要和我的猫玩。
—Sorry,I won’t do it again.
对不起,我将不再那样做了。
例 —Wish you good luck in the entrance exam.
— . The same to you.
A. Than B. See you C. I’m sorry to hear that
解析:对别人的美好祝愿应表示感谢。故本题答案选A。 答案:A
考点三 疑问句之一般疑问句
英语的疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。所谓一般疑问句,就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。
1. 肯定形式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句的结构为:“连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? ”。如:
—Is he a good student? 他是一个好学生吗?
—Yes,he is. 是的,他是。/No,he isn’t. 不,他不是。
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