2017北京中考英语复习三年命题规律总结介词中考精炼试题
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约2450字。
介词是一种虚词,用来连接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词语,不能单独使用。在北京市历届中考语法试题中占有一定的比例。在一套试卷的10个单项选择题中,至少有1个题是直接测试介词的,在完形填空中至少有1个题是对方位介词、时间介词或介词短语的测试。介词可与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词一起构成介词短语来表达不同的含义。介词还可以与动词等其他词类连用构成固定搭配,例如:look at 看,look after照看,look for寻找, look like看起来像。由此可见,同一个动词look搭配上不同的介词所表达的意义完全不同。
1. 掌握常用介词表示时间、地点、方式等的基本用法。例如:in, on, at, to, from, by, of, with, for, about。
2. 区分不同介词的功能和意义,在上下文语境中掌握其用法。
1. 抓关键词,判断句意表达的是时间、地点还是其他,然后选择相应的介词搭配。
2. 在上下文语境中判断句子之间的逻辑关系,然后选择相应的介词。
如:
(1)表时间的介词
a. 表年、季、月、日、时刻:in,on,at
b. 表期限:by(在……前;截至), until, till(直到……才)
c. 表期间:for(达……之久,经过了多长时间), during(在……期间), through(一直到)
d. 表时间起点:from, since
e. 表时间经过:in(多久之后/多久之内), within(在……范围之内)
(2)表地点的介词
a. 表在某地:at, in
b. 表上下:on[在……上面;接近(某地):on the right], above, over(正上方), under(在……正下方), below
c. 表邻近:near(近的,不远的), by(在……旁边)
d. 表之间:between(两者之间), among(三者及三者以上中间), around(在……周围;环绕)
e. 表前后:in (the) front of, behind
f. 表内外:in(静止的位置), into(进入), out of(出去)
g. 表穿过:along(沿着), across(横过), through(贯穿)
h. 表方向:to(到达), for(向……), from(从……)
(3)其他介词
with(和……在一起;具有,带有;用工具), without(没有)
in(用材料、语言,穿着……衣服,用……声调), by(通过……方法、手段;乘坐)
of(……的), about(关于), against(反对;靠着)
like(像……一样), as(作为)
3. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类构成固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配,才能正确使用介词。
(1)介词与动词的搭配
listen to, laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from, worry about, think of, look after, spend... on... 等
(2)介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等
1. (2016•北京)Paul’s mother is a nurse. She works a hospital.
A. with B. on C. of D. in
D
2. (2015•北京)We usually have the first class 8:00 in the morning.
A. of B. in C. on D. at
D
3. (2014•北京)I sometimes help my mom with the housework Sundays.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
C
4. (2016•哈尔滨)Don’t stay inside such a sunny morning. Let’s go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.
A. on B. in C. from
A
5. (2016•上海)When James arrived at the railway station, he tried to look a place to park his car.
A. after B. at C. up D. for
D
6. (2016•济宁)We should be kind to the old and take care them in daily life.
A. of B. for C. with D. about
A
7. (2016•陕西)It’s a good idea to send the old books the children who need them.
A. at B. of C. to D. by
C
8. (2016•上海)The local community center is open Monday to Saturd
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