Boonit 5 Grammar.doc 40.00 KB
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　　GRAMMAR
　　现在完成进行时
　　总结 例句
　　构成 have / has + been +动词-ing形式 Tom has been watching TV programmes since seven o’clock this evening.
　　I have been working here for 5 years.
　　用法 表示一个由过去某一时间开始一直续到现在的动作（可能刚结束，也可能还要进行下去）。 I’ve been doing my housework all morning and I’ve just finished it.
　　How long have you been wearing glasses?
　　有时表示动作的重复。 I’ve been using this typewriter for 6 years.
　　有时带有感情色彩。 Too much has been happening today!
　　常搭配的时间状语 all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等时间状语以及由since（自从）和for（经历）引导的短语或从句 She has been expecting a long distance call all night long.
　　It has been raining for two hours now.
　　I have been living in this city since I was born.
　　【拓展】现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：
　　1. 现在完成时表示动作业已完成，而现在完成进行时却不一定如此。如：
　　I have painted the door and it looks like a new one. （已经粉刷好）
　　I’ve been painting the door this morning. （可能还没粉刷好）
　　2. 现在完成进行时有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，没有感情色彩。如：
　　They have been working very well this term.  (含表扬之意)
　　They have worked very well this term.  (陈述事实)
　　3. 许多静态动词（如：know, have, last等）通常用于现在完成时而不用于现在完成进行时。如：
　　I’ve known that for a long time.
　　We’ve had terrible weather for nearly two weeks.
　　【综合练习】
　　I. 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　　1. We ________ (are working / have been working) on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.   
　　2. Joseph ________ (has been going / has gone) to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
　　3. I’m tired out. I ________ (shopped / have been shopping) all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.              
　　4. —Jac look so tired!                
　　—Well, I ________ (have painted / have been painting) the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.    
　　5. I have to see the doctor because I ________ (have been coughing / cough) a lot lately.             
　　6. —We’ve spent too much money recently.
　　—Well, it isn’t surprising. Our friends and relatives ________ (are coming / have been coming) around all the time.
　　II. 根据所给汉语提示完成下列对话。
　　1
　　Sarah: Zhang Jie released his new album on November 10, 2011.
　　Mary: Really? He is my favorite star. I listen to his music every day. Even today, ______________________ (我听他的音乐已有一个小时了). His music expresses true feelings.
　　Sarah: I couldn’t agree more. He and Xie Na got married in September, 2011. I think their love provides new inspiration for his music.
　　2
　　Carl: Dick, I am phoning to tell you that it was a pity that I didn’t see you off yesterday. When I got home, you had gone to the airport.
　　Dick: I had been waiting for you for a long time. Nevertheless, _________________ __________ (到这个月底我就回来了).
　　Carl: Wonderful! And you said you would pay a visit to Jolin in New York. Have you seen her? Give my good wishes to her when you see her.
　　Dick: OK, I will.
　　III. 用括号内动词的正确时态完成下面短文。
　　A big elephant was walking on the ground. He 1. ________ (move) through the tall grass for two days, eating and resting. Not far from him 2. ________ (stand) a woman with a big camera in her hands. She took another photo of the elephant, still amazed at his long tusks.
　　Swallowing a mouthful of grass, the elephant turned his head to see that the woman 3. ________ (take) even more photos of him. “That woman has no manners. She 4. ________ Boonit 5 A VISIT TO THE OUDIAN CAVES
　　Pre-reading activities
　　Task I. Do you like to visit museums? What can you learn there?
　　Task II. What are the most difficult things that ancient people might meet?
　　Task III. What kind of clothes the ancient people might wear?
　　While-reading activities
　　Task I. Read the text and fill in the blanks in the table.
　　Evidence Possible conclusions
　　Human and animal bones Humans and animals lived in the caves.
　　Fire places People used them to keep warm, cook food and scare 1. ________ away.
　　Layers of 2. ________ The fire were rning all winter.
　　Bones of tigers and bears These animals were the people’s most dangerous enemies.
　　A(n) 3. ________ It was used to make clothes from animal skins.
　　Sharpened tools They were used to cut up animals and remove their 4. ________.
　　Smaller scrapers They were used to remove 5. ________ from the animal skin.
　　A primitive necklace The area used to be part of a(n) 6. ________.
　　Task II. Read the text and find the answers to the questions.
　　Questions Answers
　　1. How do we know that these early people lived in the caves?
　　A. The tiger and bears.
　　2. How did they keep warm? B. They built fireplaces and hung animal skins over the cave’s entrance.
　　3. What wild animals lived so long ago? C. They used sharpened stone tools.
　　4. What material did they use to make their clothes?
　　D. Bones found in the caves show that humans and animals lived there.
　　5. What did they use to cut up animals and remove their skin?
　　E. They used animal skins.
　　6. What was the necklace made of? F. They travelled to the seaside and traded for them.
　　7. How did they get the seashells? G. It was made of animal bones and shells.
　　Post-reading activities
　　Task I. Write a summary of the text.
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　Task II. Imagine that you are one of the students who have visited the oudian caves. Write a diary after your visit.
　　Task III. Make a list of questions that you might ask the archaeologist when you visit the oudian caves.
　　Task IV. Discussion. What are the most valuable things that were discovered in oudian caves?
　　参考答案：
　　Pre-reading activities
　　Task I. 略
　　Task II. 略
　　Task III. 略
　　While-reading activities
　　Task I. 1. animals    2. ash    3. sewing needle    4. skin(s)    5. fur    6. lake
　　Task II. 1-D    2-B    3-A    4-E    5-C    6-G    7-F
　　Post-reading activities
　　Task I.
　　A guide shows some English students around the oudian caves, where the earliest people in China lived. The guide tells them fireplaces were found in the caves. They used them to keep warm, cook and scare away wild animals. He shows them a 3cm long bone needle and explains how the people cut and scraped animal skins with sharpened stones, softened them with salt, and sewed the pieces together to make clothes. Finally he shows them a necklace made from fish bones and seashells and explains where they came from. The surrounding fields used to be a large shallow lake filled with fish. They probably traded for the seashells as they were hunter gatherers who moved around a lot looking for food. (By Ray Cama)
　　Task II. 略
　　Task III. 略