约2890字。

　　初中英语句子成分
　　一 、英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式 。
　　【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？
　　【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
　　【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？
　　1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：
　　 The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)
　　 We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词)
　　 One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词)
　　 The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)
　　 It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式)
　　 Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
　　 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
　　2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：
　　 由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary.
　　 情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor.
　　 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.
　　【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
　　3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起e， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：
　　 They are workers.(名词)
　　 Two and three is five.(数词)
　　 The story is very interesting.(形容词)
　　 M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
　　 She is at home.(介词短语)
　　 I feel terrible.(形容词)
　　 The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
　　 He is here (副词)
　　 It’s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词)
　　4, 宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：
　　 He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sst now. (名词)
　　 They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.(代词)
　　 I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词)
　　 She wants to go home.(不定式)
　　 We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
　　 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
　　 He bought me a book.
　　 Pass me the ball，will you？(间宾＋直宾)
　　 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：